SB 

3*7 


A  prevision  of  the  Genus 
Capsicum  with  Especial 
Reference  to  Garden  Vsrietie 

H.    C.    Irish 


UC-NRLF 


71    Sfll 


806l'l2 
"A  'N  ' 


A     REVISION    OF    THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM    WITH    ESPECIAL 
REFERENCE    TO     GARDEN    VARIETIES. 


BY   H.  C.  IRISH. 


A  revision  of  the  genus  Capsicum  *  from  an  agricultural 
rather  than  a  strictly  botanical  standpoint,  was  first  sug- 
gested by  Dr.  E.  Lewis  Sturtevant,f  who  afterward»himself 
selected  the  subject  for  special  study  and  began  collecting 
and  cultivating  a  large  number  of  kinds,  at  the  same  time 
recording  complete  descriptions  from  living  plants.  In 
1892  all  of  his  material  bearing  upon  the  subject,  includ- 
ing many  herbarium  specimens,  drawings,  colored  plates 
and  notes  was  given  to  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden  J  on 
condition  that  the  genus  should  receive  study  with  a  view 
to  the  ultimate  publication  of  the  results  in  monographic 
form.  All  garden  varieties  which  were  procurable,  together 
with  numerous  so-called  species,  have  been  cultivated  at  the 
Garden  for  four  years,  furnishing  valuable  material  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  work.  In  beginning  operations,  Mr.  F. 


*  Tournef.  Inst.  152.  1700.— Linn.  Gen.  PI.  195.  1742.— Jussieu, 
Gen.  PI.  126.  1789.—  Linn.  Syst.  PI.  1:  1050.  1797  [ed.  Willd.].— Miller, 
Card.  Diet.  1797  [ed.  Martyn].—  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  237. 
1809.— Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp.  PI.  3:  48.  1818.— Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen. 
Capsici.  1832.—  Nees  von  Esenb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  17 :  62.  1832.— 
Meisner,  PI.  Gen.  277.  1836-43.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  444.  1838.— 
Endlicher,  Gen.  PI.  665.  1840  [no.  3854].— Sendt.  in  Martins,  Fl.  Bras. 
10:  142.  1846.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  411.  1852.— Miquel,  Fl. 
Ned.  Ind.  2:657.  1856.— Benth.  &  Hooker,  Gen.  PI.  2:  892.  1876.— 
Nicholson,  Diet.  Gard.  1884.—  Baillon,  Hist.  PL  9:  331.  1888.—  Engler 
&  Prantl,  Pflanzenfam.  <43b:  20.  1891.— Kuntze,  Eevis.  Gen.  PL  447. 
1891. 

English,  Red  Peppert  Guinea  Pepper.—  French,  Piment,  Poivre  d'Inde 
ou  de  Guinea. —  German,  Spanischer  Pfeffer. —  Italian,  Peperone. —  Mexi- 
can, Chilli. —  Hindostan,  Tschili. —  Hungarian,  Paprika. —  Spanish, 
Pimiento. —  Portuguese,  Pimento,  Pimentas. 

f  American  Naturalist  25 :  550.     1885. 

I  Kept.  Mo.  Bot.  Gard.  4:  15.     1893. 


(53) 


46381 i 


MISSOURI  BOTANICAL  GARDEN. 


W.  Dewart,  at  that  time  Botanical  Assistant  at  the  Garden, 
made  numerous  observations,  especially  noting  structural 
characters.  Later  Mr.  J.  G.  Smith  continued  the  work, 
following  much  the  same  plan.  My  own  study  of  this 
genus  began  in  the  spring  of  1896  with  bringing  together 
the  material  left  by  others,  recording  observations  on  the 
growing  plants  of  that  year,  and  comparing  them  with 
previous  notes.  In  addition  to  the  work  of  the  gentlemen 
named,  I  am  especially  indebted  to  Professor  William  Tre- 
lease  for  valuable  assistance  and  suggestions  in  all  parts  of 
the  work. 

Concerning  the  early  history  of  Capsicum,  there  is 
abundant  evidence  that  the  entire  genus  had  its  origin  in 
the  American  tropics,  though  numerous  so-called  species 
have  been  attributed  to  Southern  Asia.  It  seems  to  have 
been  first  mentioned  by  Peter  Martyn  in  an  epistle  dated 
September  1493,  in  which  he  says  Columbus  brought  home 
"  pepper  more  pungent  than  that  from  Caucasus/7  *  De 
Candolle  advances  the  opinion  that  a  plant  so  easily  grown 
and  so  agreeable  to  the  tastes  of  inhabitants  of  warm 
countries  would  probably  have  been  known  previous  to  the 
discovery  of  America,  whereas  no  ancient  Sanskrit  or 
Chinese  name  for  the  genus  is  known,  neither  were  the 
Greeks,  Romans,  nor  even  Hebrews  acquainted  with  it.f 
The  rapidity  with  which  the  plants  spread  in  tropical 
countries,  together  with  the  increased  commercial  trade  im- 
mediately following  the  discovery  of  America,  probably 
caused  a  rapid  dissemination  through  the  Old  World 
tropics,  where  the  plants  were  afterwards  found  by  later 
botanists,  many  of  whom  supposed  them  to  be  indigenous. 

The  opinion  of  different  authorities  seems  to  vary  greatly 
concerning  the  number  of  species  and  varieties.  Three 
varieties  were  figured  by  Fuchsius  in  1542,  thirteen  by 
Gregorius  in  1611,  twenty  by  Parkinson  in  1640.  Thirty- 
five  were  mentioned  by  Morison  in  1699,  twenty-seven  by 

*  Sturtevant,  American  Naturalist  24:  151.     1890. 

f  De  Candolle,  Origin  of  Cultivated  Plants  288.     1882. 


A   KEVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  55 

Tournefort  in  1700,  eighteen  by  Miller  in  1731,  though  in 
1771,  after  the  binomial  system  had  come  into  use,  he  gave 
but  ten  specific  names.  Linnaeus  in  the  first  edition  of 
his  Species  Plantarum  (1753)  records  two  species,  and  in 
his  Mantissa  (1767)  recognizes  two  additional  ones.  In 
the  fourteenth  edition  of  his  Systema  Vegetabilium,  edited 
by  Murray  (1789),  one  new  species  is  given,  and  in  the 
Willdenow  edition  of  the  Species  Plantarum  (1797)  still 
another  is  added.  Romer  and  Schultes,  in  their  edition  of 
the  Systema  Vegetabilium  (1819),  add  what  they  consider 
fifteen  good  and  three  doubtful  species  to  those  already  de- 
scribed since  the  time  of  Linnaeus.  Of  these  fifteen,  only 
one  was  given  for  the  first  time  by  them,  all  of  the  others 
having  been  previously  named  by  various  botanists  since 
Willdenow's  edition.  In  1832  Fingerhuth  recognized 
twenty-five  accepted  species,  together  with  seven  requiring 
further  examination,  and  twenty-eight  botanical  varieties, 
three  of  the  species  and  most  of  the  varieties  being  named 
by  him.  In  1846  Sen dtner  recorded  ten  species  and  numer- 
ous varieties  as  occurring  in  Brazil  alone,  he  having  named 
seven  of  the  species.  In  1852,Dunal  recorded  fifty  accepted 
species,  of  which  eleven  were  described  for  the  first  time, 
together  with  many  varieties,  and  eleven  species  requiring 
further  examination,  besides  three  doubtful  ones. 

This  was  the  last  revision  of  the  genus,  and  but  three 
new  species  have  since  been  described.  Altogether  about 
ninety  specific  names  have  been  given,  of  which  the  Index 
Kewensis  recognizes  fifty -four  as  good.  Notwithstanding 
this  large  number,  modern  authorities  generally  believe 
that  there  are  only  a  few.  Professor  Asa  Gray,  in  a 
letter  to  Dr.  Sturtevant  under  date  of  Nov.  2,  1887, 
expresses  a  fancy  that  there  are  only  two  species  in 
the  genus.*  Dr.  Sturtevant,  who  had  already  made 
a  considerable  study  of  the  genus,  expressed  the  opinion 
that  the  published  species  in  a  majority  of  cases  were  only 
forms,  and  that  when  these  were  reduced  to  synonyms 

*  Agricultural  Science  2:  1.     1883. 


56  MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

the  number  of  species  that  would  be  accepted  by  botanists 
would  be  very  small.*  Dr.  H.  H.  Rusby  wrote  Dr. 
Sturtevant,  April  9th,  1888,  saying:  "  I  have  seen  a  good 
deal  of  the  genus  in  South  America  and  have  observed  a 
great  tendency  to  variation.  I  have  seen  but  few  well  dis- 
tinguished forms  and  about  these  are  grouped  hosts,  pre- 
senting every  shade  of  variation  in  size,  color,  form,  and 
surface-planes  of  fruit.  There  are  corresponding  differ- 
ences in  pungency  and  flavor,  in  detecting  which  the  natives 
are  very  expert.  Each  man  will  have  some  cherished 
plant  that  to  him  is  very  distinct,  and  far  superior  to 
anything  that  his  neighbors  can  boast." 

In  regard  to  the  great  variability  of  Capsicum,  Professor 
G.  S.  Jenman,  of  the  Government  Botanist's  Office  at 
Georgetown,  British  Guiana,  wrote  Mr.  Dewart,  August  24, 
1892,  that  the  genus  there  presents  an  infinite  variety,  and 
where  several  kinds  are  grown  together  the  fruit  of  par- 
ticular forms  is  often  much  modified  by  cross-fertilization, 
though  this  apparently  does  not  apply  to  all  varieties. 
Professor  J.  H.  Hart,  Superintendent  of  the  Botanical 
Department  of  the  Royal  Botanical  Gardens  at  Trinidad, 
during  the  same  year  wrote  Mr.  Dewart  as  follows  ;  "  We 
do  not  make  any  specific  distinction  between  the  Capsicums 
from  here  for  the  simple  reason  that  they  degenerate  so 
quickly  to  a  simple  form  under  cultivation  that  we  cannot 
refer  them  to  more  than  a  single  species.  Some  of  the 
finest  will  in  four  or  five  generations  be  nothing  more  than 
'  Bird-pepper  '  of  which  the  forms  are  as  many  as  the 
days  of  the  year." 

My  work  mainly  adds  strong  testimony  to  the  observa- 
tions of  these  gentlemen.  A  number  of  well-marked  types 
have  been  preserved  for  centuries,  and  within  them  various 
forms  have  constantly  appeared.  Upon  these  forms,  in 
my  opinion,  a  large  number  of  the  so-called  species  have 
been  based.  I  have  therefore  separated  them  into  two 
species  and  preserved  the  well-fixed  types  as  botanical 

*  Agricultural  Science  2:  1.     1888. 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  57 

varieties.  Most  of  the  modern  garden  varieties  easily  find 
classification  within  the  types  of  the  annual  species,  some 
of  them  almost  exactly  corresponding  with  the  wood  cuts 
and  descriptions  of  some  very  old  forms.  Many  of  the 
varieties  from  South  America  and  Mexico  present,  to  my 
mind,  sufficiently  distinct  characters  in  habit  of  growth 
and  in  the  woodiness  of  the  plants  to  justify  their  treat- 
ment as  representatives  of  two  species. 

Primarily,  the  classification  of  the  types  is  based  on  the 
shape  of  the  fruit  and  the  calyx  characters,  as  the  most 
closely  related  ones  can  thus  be  brought  together.  The 
erect  and  pendent  fruit,  the  primary  characters  of  Finger- 
huth  and  Dunal,  are  equally  constant,  but  cannot  be  em- 
ployed primarily  in  this  classification,  as  both  characters 
appear  in  all  but  two  of  the  types  here  given  as  botanical 
varieties,  and  hence  can  only  be  used  in  separating  the 
forms  within  these  types. 

In  citing  prelinnean  authorities*  I  have  included  only  the 
descriptions  which  have  been  carefully  studied  and  about 
which  I  had  no  doubt  as  to  the  type  or  form  intended. 
The  descriptions  of  a  number  are  so  brief  and  incomplete 
that  they  could  not  be  definitely  located,  hence  it  seemed 
wise  to  omit  them  entirely.  Most  of  the  modern  works  to 
which  I  have  had  access  and  which  give  fairly  complete 
descriptions  are  referred  to  unless  some  doubt  exists  as  to 
the  intention  of  the  author. 

In  the  selection  of  names  for  the  garden  varieties,  the 
principles  for  the  nomenclature  of  cultivated  plants  adopted 
by  the  Vegetable  Committee  of  Experiment  Station  Horti- 
culturists f  and  the  Madison  Botanical  Congress  J  have  been 
followed.  In  the  citation  of  varietal  synonyms  reference 
is  made  to  the  earliest  and  most  complete  descriptions  in 

*  For  the  full  titles  of  works  published  prior  to  1753,  reference  should 
be  made  to  the  catalogue  of  the  Sturtevant  Prelinnean  Library. —  Kept. 
Mo.  Dot.  Gard.  7  :  123-209.  1896. 

t  Bailey,  Annals  of  Horticulture  106-107.     1889. 

I  Proceedings  of  the  Madison  Botanical  Congress  41.      27  Aug.  1893. 


58  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

such  seed  catalogues  as  I  have  seen,  except  where  equally 
satisfactory  accounts  were  found  in  other  publications. 

The  economic  value  of  the  fruit  has  long  been  known. 
The  southern  natives  used  it  as  much  in  ancient  times  as 
they  do  at  present.  Oviedo,  who  reached  tropical  America 
from  Spain  in  1514,  particularly  mentions  its  uses.* 
Chanca,  physician  to  the  fleet  of  Columbus  in  his  second 
voyage  to  the  West  Indies,  in  a  letter  written  to  the  Chap- 
ter of  Seville  in  1494,  alludes  to  it  as  a  condiment. f  Its 
use  for  this  purpose  is  also  mentioned  by  subsequent  writ- 
ers. In  Spain  and  India  as  early  as  the  sixteenth  century 
the  fruit  was  employed  in  dressing  meats  and  was  supposed 
by  some  to  be  valuable  for  dyeing.  Medicinally  the  red 
pepper  was  known  to  assist  in  the  digestion  of  meats,  and 
when  mixed  with  honey  and  applied  externally  was  a  remedy 
for  quinsy.  Mention  is  also  made  of  its  removing  freckles 
from  the  skin.J  It  was  given  for  dropsy,  colic,  ague, 
toothache,  and  other  ailments. §  The  fruit  was  given  to 
horses  and  mules  for  "  dry  gripes  "  brought  on  by  rank 
and  sour  grass. If  Later,  a  preparation  of  Capsicum  was 
given  in  case  of  black  vomit,  and  various  tropical  fevers,  || 
and  has  been  recommended  for  atonic  gout,  dyspepsia 
accompanied  by  flatulence,  tympanitis,  paralysis,  cynanche 
maligna  and  scarlatina  maligna.**  At  the  present  time 
Capsicum  is  employed  in  medicine  mainly  as  an  astringent 
in  the  form  of  a  tincture.  The  ground  fruit  is  used  in 
combination  with  quinine  for  malarial  fever.  When  mixed 
with  turmeric  and  some  spice,  it  forms  Curry  Powder. 
The  pungency  ft  is  due  to  an  active  principle  called  "  cap- 


*  Sturtevant,  American  Naturalist  19:  544.     1885. 

t  ITuckiger  &  Hanbury,  Pharmacography  453.     1879    [Engl.  ed.]. 

J  Gerarde,  Herball  293.     1597. 

§  Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  359.     1640. 

t  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.     1797  [ed.  Martyn]. 

||  Phillips,  Cult.  Veg.  1:  118.     1822. 
**  Lindley,  Veg.  Kingdom  621.     1853. 

ft  The  burning  sensation  occasioned  by  eating  the  pungent  varieties 
may  be  checked  by  drinking  milk. 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  59 

saicin  "  which  occurs  mainly  in  the  placenta  and  seed  and 
which  is  volatile  when  exposed  to  the  air.  In  its  effects 
Capsicum  is  a  stimulant,  stomachic,  and  a  rubefacient.* 

Commercially  the  red  pepper  is  employed  more  as  a 
condiment  than  for  any  other  purpose,  and  it  is  used  as  a 
seasoning  in  almost  every  dish  by  the  inhabitants  of  warm 
climates.  Cayenne  Pepper  is  one  of  the  important  prod- 
ucts, consisting  mainly  of  the  fruit  of  the  small  pungent 
varieties  reduced  to  a  fine  powder.  It  is  sometimes  pre- 
pared by  mixing  wheat  flour  with  the  dried  fruit  and  making 
into  cakes  with  yeast.  After  baking  until  quite  hard  and 
brittle  these  are  reduced  to  powder  and  sifted.  When 
prepared  in  this  manner  it  has  been  known  under  the  name 
Cayenne  Pepper  Pot^  and  when  simply  dried,  powdered, 
and  mixed  with  a  little  salt,  it  has  been  known  as  Cay  an 
Butter. t  According  to  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica, 
Mandram  is  a  West  Indian  stomachic  prepared  by  mashing 
a  few  pods  of  bird  pepper  and  mixing  them  with  sliced 
cucumbers  and  shallots  to  which  have  been  added  a  little 
lime-juice  and  Madeira  wine. 

There  are  various  brands  of  pepper  sauce,  which  consist 
chiefly  of  the  unground  fruit  of  the  pungent  varieties 
preserved  in  brine  or  strong  vinegar.  Tabasco  Pepper 
Sauce  or  liquid  pepper  is  said  to  be  the  pulp  of  the  ripe 
fruit  of  the  Tabasco  variety  extracted  by  pressure  and  so 
handled  as  to  retain  all  flavor,  strength,  aroma  and  color  of 
the  ripe  fruit.  Tabasco  Catchup  is  made  from  the  same 
variety.  Paprika  is  a  well-known  Hungarian  condiment 
made  from  the  fruit  which  is  ground  after  the  seeds  have 
been  removed,  and  is,  therefore,  much  less  pungent  than 
the  Tabasco  sauce.  Chilli  con  came  consists  of  the  small 
pungent  peppers  finely  ground  and  mixed  with  meat.  It  is 
much  used  in  the  Southern  United  States.  In  Mexico  the 
fruit  forms  a  very  essential  ingredient  in  the  tamales  so 

*  Waggaman,  Bot.  Mat.  Med.  228.  1895. 

f  Phillips,  Cult.  Veg.  1 :  123.     1822. 

I  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.    1797  [ed.  Martyn]. 


60  MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

common  in   that   country   and  quite   well   known   in   the 
Southern  United  States. 

Many  of  the  kinds  of  Capsicum  are  more  or  less  em- 
ployed either  in  pickles  or  in  the  raw  or  cooked  state, 
the  milder  sorts  being  much  preferred  by  northern  con- 
sumers and  the  more  pungent  ones  by  the  southern  people. 
They  are  sliced  and  either  mixed  with  salads  or  served  like 
tomatoes  with  vinegar  and  salt.  The  thick-fleshed  bell- 
shaped  and  squash  varieties  are  much  used  as  mangoes. 
These  are  made  by  cutting  the  fruit  down  one  side,  remov- 
ing the  seed,  and  filling  with  chow-chow  pickles.  The 
parts  are  then  tied  together  and  the  whole  placed  in  jars 
or  cans  containing  vinegar  where  it  remains  until  wanted. 
Some  of  the  medium-sized  pungent  varieties  are  eaten  by 
native  Mexicans  in  the  raw  state,  the  same  as  radishes,  i 
am  told  by  a  reliable  firm,  who  manufacture  pepper  sauce, 
that  in  Spain  some  of  the  large  sweet  varieties,  which  with 
us  are  often  stuffed  and  baked,  are  canned  after  being 
cooked  in  olive  oil,  and  are  then  eaten  with  French  salad 
dressing  without  further  cooking.  In  this  condition, 
too,  the  fruit  is  often  employed  in  stuffing  pitted  olives. 

Aside  from  its  value  as  a  food  and  a  medicine,  Capsicum 
has  been  recommended  as  an  insecticide  when  used  in  con- 
nection with  tobacco-paper,*  but  inasmuch  as  the  operation 
was  not  a  success  without  the  latter  it  is  probable  that 
tobacco  was  the  essential  ingredient.  The  seed  is  consid- 
ered a  very  healthful  bird  food,  and  is  used  to  some  extent 
for  that  purpose. 

In  Europe,  some  varieties,  such  as  Little  Gem  and  Prince 
of  Wales,  are  grown  considerably  for  decorative  purposes, 
especially  in  pots,  under  glass. 

The  culture  of  the  pepper  is  comparatively  simple.  It 
does  not  require  special  care  and  yet  quickly  responds  to 
any  particular  attention  which  may  be  given  it.  A  warm 
and  moderately  light  soil  that  does  not  quickly  dry  out 
appears  to  be  the  best.  The  seed  generally  requires  from 

*  Gard.  Chron.  150.     1852. 


A    REVISION   OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  61 

twelve  to  twenty  days  to  germinate,  the  exact  time  depend- 
ing upon  its  age.  The  plants  are  usually  started  under 
glass  in  February  or  March  and  transplanted  into  pots  or 
fiats  when  large  enough  to  handle.  After  all  danger  of 
frost  is  past,  they  are  moved  to  the  field  and  planted  one  or 
two  feet  apart.  The  ground  around  the  plants  is  thoroughly 
cultivated  during  the  growing  season,  and  in  case  of 
extreme  drouth  artificial  irrigation  is  sometimes  resorted 
to. 

Its  culture  does  not  appear  to  be  especially  confined  to 
any  particular  locality  but  is  generally  distributed  through- 
out temperate  and  tropical  regions  for  the  supply  of  local 
markets.  Capsicum  frutescens  is  confined  mostly  to 
Southern  Asia,  Africa,  Mexico,  and  South  and  Central 
America.  The  large  Sweet  Spanish  variety  is  largely  culti- 
vated in  Spain,  and  various  varieties  for  the  manufacture 
of  Paprika  are  extensively  grown  in  Hungary.  The 
Tabasco  variety  is  almost  exclusively  confined  to  one 
locality  in  Louisiana.  There  is  considerable  local  demand, 
as  pickles,  mangoes  and  pepper  sauces  are  quite  extensively 
manufactured  in  St.  Louis,  and  the  supply  for  them  is 
largely  grown  in  this  vicinity. 

Fortunately  peppers  are  not  subject  to  attack  by  insects. 
Red  spider  and  greenfly  (Aphis)  are  the  only  known 
Arthropod  enemies,  and  their  depredations  are  confined 
mainly  to  plants  grown  under  glass.  The  red  spider  may 
be  kept  in  check  by  repeatedly  syringing  with  water,  and 
the  greenfly  may  be  killed  by  fumigating  with  tobacco. 

There  are  two  fungus  diseases  which  frequently  occur, 
especially  upon  the  larger  thick-fleshed  varieties.  One  of 
them  Dr.  Halsted  *  calls  an  anthracnose  of  the  pink  sort, 
due  to  Gloeosporium  piperotum  E.  &  E.,  which  causes  the 
fruit  to  rot  about  the  time  it  is  maturing.  The  other 
disease  is  a  dark  anthracnose,  due  to  Colletotrichum 
nigrum .  f 


*  Kept.  N.  J.  Exp.  Sta.  326.     1892. 

t  Halsted,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club  18:  15.     1891. 


MISSOURI  BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 


ARTIFICIAL  KEY  TO  GARDEN  PEPPERS. 

*  Peduncles  straight;  fruit  erect  or  spreading. 

+-  Calyx  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  much  longer  than  broad. 
•M-  Fruit  short,  usually  less  than  1£  in.  long;  peduncles  nearly  as 
long  or  longer. 

Plant  2£  ft.  or  more  high,  maturing  slowly  and  rarely  ripen- 
ing fruit  except  in  extreme  south.  C.  frutescena. 
Plant  ripening  its  fruit  earlier,  usually  not  over  li  ft.  high 
except  for  the  first  variety.                  C.  annuum  conoides. 
Fruit  usually  compressed  at  the  base  by  the  calyx; 
plant  at  least  2  ft.  high.  TABASCO. 
Fruit  not  compressed  at  the  base  by  the  calyx. 
Dark  red. 

Oblong  fusiform.  CORAL  GEM. 

Conical  or  ovate  obtuse.  CAYENNE. 

Orange  red.  ORANGE-BED  CLUSTER. 

•M-  +*  Fruit  usually  more  than  l«fe  in.  long,  slender,  largest  diameter 
usually  less  than  i  in.;  peduncles  shorter;  flesh  very  thin 
(about  aV  in  ). 
Plant  about  1  ft.  high ;  leaves  and  fruit  fascicled. 

C.  annuum  fasciculatum. 

Fruit  red.  RED  CLUSTER. 

Fruit  yellow.  YELLOW  CLUSTER. 

Plant  larger;  leaves  and  fruit  not  fascicled. 

C.  annuum  acuminatum* 

Fruit  red.  CHILLI. 

Fruit  yellow.  YELLOW  CHILLI. 

*-  •*-  Calyx  not  usually  embracing  base  of  fruit,  or  only  obscurely  so  j 

fruit  usually  more  than   li  in.  long,  largest  diameter  usually 

more  than  4  in. ;  flesh  somewhat  thicker.  C.  annuum  longum. 

Petals  more  or  less  purple ;  fruit  black  at  first,  becoming 

orange-red.  BLACK  NUBIAN. 

Petals  white ;  fruit  green,  becoming  red  when  ripe. 

LONG  RED. 

•»-••-•»- Calyx  not  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  slightly  longer  than 
broad,  subconical,  ovate,  or  oblong,  usually  |  in.  to  2  in.  long. 

C.  annuum  abbrematum. 
Fruit  bright  red  when  ripe. 

Changing  from  green  to  light  yellow  or  straw  color  before 
ripening,  subrugose,  not  turbinate. 
Usually  mucronate,  oval.  KALEIDOSCOPE. 

Not  mucronate,  subconical.  CELESTIAL. 

Not  changing  to  light  yellow. 

Very  rugose,  often  turbinate.  RED  WRINKLED. 

Neither  rugose  nor  turbinate.  ETNA. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS    CAPSICUM.  63 

Fruit  yellow  when  ripe. 

With  longitudinal  furrows,  rarely  turbinate. 

PRINCESS  OF  WALES. 
Not  furrowed,  usually  very  rugose  and  turbinate. 

YELLOW  WRINKLED. 

£  £l  Calyx  not  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  spherical  or  heart- 
shaped,  smooth.  C.  annuum  cerasiforme. 
Fruit  usually  less  than  £  in.  in  diameter. 

Red.  LITTLE  GEM. 

Yellow.  PRINCE  OF  WALES. 

Fruit  usually  £  in.  to  1  in.  in  diameter. 
Round  or  cherry  shaped. 

Red.  CHERRY. 

Yellow.  YELLOW  CHERRY. 

Heart-shaped. 

Red.  OXHEART. 

Yellow.  YELLOW  OXHEART. 

£:Jl-i-Calyx  not  embracing  base  of  fruit,  usually  seated  in  a  basal  de- 
pression. C.  annuum  grossum. 
Fruit  red,  subconical  or  prismatic.           BRAZILIAN  UPRIGHT. 
Fruit  yellow.  GOLDEN  UPRIGHT. 
**Peduncles  curved  or  recurved ;  fruit  pendent. 

•f-  Calyx  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  much  longer  than  broad, 
•w-  Fruit  very  slender,  usually  less  than  i  in.  in  diameter;  flesh 
very  thin  (about  -fa  in-)-  G.  annuum  acuminatum. 

|  to  li  in.  long. 

Red.  NEPAL  CHILLI. 

Yellow.  YELLOW  NEPAL  CHILLI. 

li  to  4  in.  long. 

Red.  LONG  CAYENNE. 

Yellow.  LONG  YELLOW  CAYENNE. 

•M-  -M-  Fruit  stouter ;  flesh  thicker,  often  furrowed  longitudinally. 

IVORY  TUSK. 

•«-  -i-  Calyx  not  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  much  longer  than 
broad,  mostly  stout,  tapering.  C.  annuum  longum. 

Petals  purple;  fruit  black  at  first,  becoming  orange-red. 

BLACK  NUBIAN. 
Petals  white;  fruit  red  or  yellow. 

Calyx  usually  not  entirely  covering  the  flat  base  of  fruit. 
Flesh  about  |  in.  thick,  only  slightly  pungent. 

COUNTY  FAIR. 

Flesh  thinner,  very  acrid  pungent ;  fruit  slender  for  the 
group.  LONG  RED. 

Calyx  usually  covering  the  base,  but  at  most  obscurely 
embracing  it. 

Fruit  red.  CARDINAL. 

Fruit  yellow.  LONG  YELLOW. 

Calyx  usually  seated  in  a  basal  depression. 

Apex  distinctly  3  to  4  lobed.          ELEPHANT'S  TRUNK. 
Apex  pointed  or  obscurely  lobed.    PROCOPP'S  GIANT. 


64  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

:£  •*-  Calyx  not  embracing  base  of   fruit,  usually  seated   in  a  basal 

depression;  fruit  swollen,  angular.  C.  annuum  grossum. 

Fruit  subconical,  decidedly  tapering.  EMPEROR. 

Fruit    prismatic  or  subconical,  slightly  tapering  to  a  3  to  4 

lobed  apex. 

Subconical.  MONSTROUS. 

Prismatic.  SWEET  SPANISH. 

Fruit  squarish,  subtruncate,  about  as  long  as  broad. 

Apical  end  usually  much  contorted,  often  larger  than  base ; 
fruit  2  to  3  in.  in  diameter.  BELL. 

Apical  end  not  usually  contorted,  but  quite  uniformly 
lobed ;  fruit  larger  than  last. 

Red.  SWEET  MOUNTAIN. 

Yellow.  GOLDEN  DAWN. 

Fruit  squarish,  subtruncate,  longer  than  broad,  deeply  fur- 
rowed and  lobed,  5  to  7  in.  long,  8  to  4  in.  in  diameter. 
Red.  RUBY  KINO, 

Yellow.  GOLDEN  KING. 

Fruit  2  to  3  in.  broad,  very  oblate. 

Red.  SQUASH, 

Yellow.  YELLOW  SQUASH. 

£  :£  Calyx  not  embracing  base  of  fruit,  the  latter  slightly  longer  than 

broad,  subconical,  ovate,  or  oblong,  usually  |  in.  to  2  in.  long. 

C.  annuum  abbreviation. 
Fruit  bright  red  when  ripe. 

Changing  from  green  to  bright  yellow  or  straw  color  be- 
fore ripening,  subrugose,  not  turbinate. 

Oval,  usually  mucronate.  KALEIDOSCOPE. 

Not  changing  to  light  yellow,  very  rugose,  often  turbinate. 

RED  WRINKLED. 
Fruit  yellow  when  ripe. 

Longitudinally  furrowed,  rarely  turbinate. 

PRINCESS  OF  WALES. 
Not  usually  furrowed,  very  rugose,  turbinate. 

YELLOW  WRINKLED. 

£:  £:  •*-  Calyx  not  embracing  base    of  fruit,   the  latter    spherical    or 
heartshaped,  smooth,  usually  §  in.  to  1^  in.  in  diameter. 

C.  annuum  cerasiforme. 

About  g  in.  in  diameter,  yellow.  PRINCE  OF  WALES. 

Round  or  cherry  shaped,  &  to  1^  in.  in  diameter. 

Red.  CHERRY. 

Yellow.  YELLOW  CHERRY. 

Heartshaped. 

Red.  OXHEART. 

Yellow.  YELLOW  OXIIEART. 


A  REVISION   OF  THE   GENUS   CAPSICUM.  65 


SYNOPSIS. 

A     Herbaceous  or  suffrutescent,  annual  or  biennial. 
C.  ANNUUM  L. 

Capsicum  annuum  Linn.  Hort.  Cliff.  59.     1737. 

Herbaceous  or  suffrutescent  plants  usually  growing  two 
or  three  feet  high,  sometimes  four  or  five,  rarely  only  a 
foot,  with  numerous  erect  angular  branches  usually  rising 
from  near  the  ground,  generally  smooth,  sometimes 
sparsely  pubescent.  Leaves  medium  small  to  very  large, 
ovate  acuminate  to  oblong  elliptical;  petioles  smooth  or 
sparingly  hairy.  Peduncles  solitary,  sometimes  in  twos, 
usually  smooth.  Corolla  white  or  dingy  white,  except  in 
one  variety  when  it  is  more  or  less  blotched  with  purple. 
Fruits  variable  in  size,  color  and  form. 

This  species  furnishes  all  the  leading  commercial  varieties 
now  in  cultivation.  In  temperate  latitudes  they  are  treated 
as  annuals,  while  in  tropical  countries  some  varieties  are 
biennial  or  perennial. 

a  Fruit  oblong  linear. 

*  Calyx  usually  embracing  base  of  fruit. 

•*-  Fruit  usually  less  than  1£  in.  long;  peduncles  about  as  long  or  longer. 

C.  annuum  conoides  (Miller). 

Capsicum  conoides  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1771  [no.  8.  ed.  6].— Linn.  Syst. 

4:  662.  1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Cap- 

Bici  14.  t.  3.  f.  b.     1832.—  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4 :  446.     1838.—  Rich. 

Fl.  Abyss.  2 :  96.     1851.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  414.     1852.—  See- 

mann,  Bot.  Herald  402.    1852-57.— Miquel,  Fl.  Ned.  Ind.  2 :  659.   1856. 
Capsicum  conoides  sulcatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  15.  t.  3.  f.  c.    1832. —  Dunal 

in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  415.     1852. 

Capsicum  conoides  chordale  Fingerh.  1.  c./.  d. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  conoides  oblong o-conicum  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Piper  oblongum,  exiguum  erectum  pyramidale.     Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus. 

Cur.  Post.  97,  /.  4,  98.     1611.—  Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662.— 

Raius,  Hist.  PI.  1 :  677.     1686. 
Piper  Indicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis  diff.  3.  majus  et  minus  (excl. 

majus).    Bauhin.  Pinax  103.     1623. 
Capsicum  exiguum  erectum  pyramidale.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  367.  /. 

6.    1640. 


66  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 

Capsicum  minus  fructu  parvo  pyramidal!  erecto.     Sloane,  Cat.  PI.  Jam. 

112.     1696. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  oblongum  minus.     Morison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon. 

3:529.     1699. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis,   exiguus.    Tournef.   Inst.   152. 

1700. 
Piper  Indicum  minimum  erectum.    [Beslerus],  Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Autumn. 

Ord.  1:8./.  1.     1713. 
Solanum  mordens  minus  erectum.    Weinmann.  Phyt.  Iconog.  4 :  349.  pi. 

930.  f.  b.     1745. 
Negro-pepper.    Hughes,  Hist.  Barb.  213.    1750.    Fide  Maycock,  Fl.  Barb. 

104.     1830. 
Capsicum  fructu  minimo  conico  rubro.  Browne,  Hist.  Jam.  176.     1756. 

Plants  stiff rutescent,  1-2^  ft.  high,  diffusely  spreading 
l£-2  ft.  Stem  and  lower  branches  striate,  green,  spar- 
ingly corky.  Branches  short  between  the  nodes,  often  sub- 
pubescent.  Leaves  numerous,  ovate  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
pubescent  on  midvein  below,  sparsely  pubescent  above,  2-3 
in.  long,  J-2  in.  wide,  rarely  larger,  quite  erect,  smooth  or 
subscabrous,  usually  rather  dark  green;  petioles  f- f-  in. 
long,  rather  slender,  pubescent  or  subglabrous.  Peduncles 
solitary  or  often  in  twos,  usually  slender,  stiff,  straight, 
erect,  slightly  enlarged  toward  the  calyx  end.  Calyx 
obconical  or  cup-shaped,  usually  embracing  base  of  fruit; 
teeth  obscure.  Corolla  greenish  white,  small,  spreading 
|-f  in.  Fruit  erect,  subconical  or  oblong  cylindrical,  acu- 
minate or  obtuse,  usually  shorter  than  the  peduncles,  f-l^ 
in.  long,  -}— J-  in.  diam.,  2-3  celled,  red  or  yellow,  some- 
times blotched  with  purple  before  ripening,  mostly  borne 
above  the  leaves;  flesh  about  -fa  in.  thick,  extremely 
pungent. 

CORAL  GEM.*  The  habit  of  growth  of  this  variety  is, 
apparently,  subject  to  extreme  variation  in  different  locali- 
ties, the  plant  in  some  places  making  a  tender  growth  of 
not  more  than  a  foot,  while  in  other  places  it  attains  a 
height  of  2  ft.  In  the  former  case  the  branches  are  light 
green,  quite  flexible,  frequently  decumbent  with  numerous 
upright  middle  shoots,  forming  a  rosette-like  mass,  and 

*  Vaughan,  Cat.     1889. 


A   REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  67 

the  leaves  but  slightly  darker  on  the  upper  surface  than 
below.  The  larger  growing  plants  are  stouter  and  more 
branchy.  Fruit  usually  slender,  fusiform,  smooth,  ex- 
tremely pungent,  red,  sometimes  blotched  with  brown 
before  ripening,  usually  scattered  so  thickly  over  the 
plant  as  to  give  the  appearance  of  a  bouquet  of  corals. — 
Plate  9,  f .  2. 

TABASCO.*  Plant  usually  about  2^  ft.  high,  with  an 
erect  spreading  habit.  Leaves  often  4  in.  long  by  2^-  in. 
wide,  dark  green,  usually  distinctly  pubescent  along  the 
veins.  Fruit  oblong  cylindrical,  obtuse  or  acute,  usually 
compressed  at  the  base  by  the  calyx,  deep  red  when  ripe, 
the  unripe  ones  often  drying  to  an  orange  color,  more  fre- 
quently borne  in  twos  than  in  other  varieties  of  this  group. 

CAYENNE. f  Plant  more  woody  than  others.  Branches 
fewer  but  more  erect,  and  quite  rigid.  Leaves  deep  green 
on  upper  surface,  decidedly  paler  below.  Calyx  occasionally 
seated  on  base  of  fruit.  Fruit  usually  as  long  as  or  slightly 
longer  than  the  penduncles,  subconical  or  ovate,  obtuse, 
about  1£  in.  long,  -J-  in.  diam.,  at  first  green,  changing  to 
blackish,  then  yellowish-red,  finally  red. 

ORANGE-RED  CLUSTER.  J  Plants  usually  with  a  flattish 
top.  Branches  slender  but  rigid,  purple  striate,  and  de- 
cidedly purple  at  nodes.  Leaves  smooth,  quite  erect,  very 
dark  green  on  upper  surface,  much  paler  below.  Fruit 
1-1-J-  in.  long,  about  as  long  as  or  longer  than  peduncles, 
very  rigidly  erect,  standing  prominently  above  the  leaves, 
of  a  beautiful  orange-red  color.  The  great  number  of 
fruits  equally  distributed  over  the  symmetrical  plant  make 
it  one  of  the  most  ornamental  varieties. —  Plate  9,  f.  3 

*  Described  from  Dr.  Sturtevant's  notes  and  herbarium  specimens. 
Seed  received  by  him  from  Mcllhenny  of  New  Iberia,  La.,  1888. 

f  Hovey,  Seed  Cat.  1888.— Described  from  Dr.  Sturtevant's  notes 
and  herbarium  specimens.  Seed  received  by  him  from  Livingston, 
Columbus,  O.,  1888,  who  listed  it  as  Cayenne  of  Commerce,  in  contrast 
with  the  Long  Cayenne. 

J  Listed  in  Haage  &  Schmidt,  Seed  Cat.  15,  1893,  under  the  German 
name  Orangerother  Trauben-Pfeffer. 


68  MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

-H-  Fruit  usually  more  than  1&  in.  long;  peduncles  shorter. 
•w  Leaves  and  fruit  fascicled ;  fruit  erect. 

C.  amiuum  fasciculatuni  (Sturt.). 

Capsicum    fasciculatum   Sturtevant,    Bull.    Torrey    Bot.   Club  15:  133. 

1888. 

"  Stems  smooth,  green,  round,  subverrucose,  swollen  at 
the  branchings  and  purple,  dichotomous  or  triehotomous. 
Branches  angular,  few,  erect- spreading,  green,  purple  at 
insertion  of  petioles,  subpubescent,  bearing  the  leaves  for 
the  most  part  clustered  or  bunched  at  the  swollen  summits. 
Leaves  spreading,  crowded  into  bunches,  nearly  of  one 
size,  the  larger  ones  3J  in.  by  1£  in.,  usually  3  in.  by  f  in., 
elliptical-lanceolate,  pointed  at  both  ends,  from  the  base 
extending  equally  into  the  petiole,  deep  green  above,  paler 
below,  the  middle  nerve  distinct;  slightly  scabrous,  entire 
or  subrepand ;  borne  almost  entirely  in  a  confused  mass 
along  with  the  berries  at  the  summit  of  branches,  very 
rarely  lower  down.  Petioles  smooth,  nearly  as  long  as,  or 
sometimes  even  longer  than  the  leaves,  slender,  margined 
by  the  extension  of  the  leaf  blade.  Peduncles  smooth, 
angular,  thickish,  erect,  enlarging  towards  calyx  end, 
rather  long,  1^  in.,  grouped  in  clusters  rather  confusedly 
with  the  leaves,  but  the  tendency  of  the  grouping  seeming 
to  be  in  twos  or  threes,  axillary  or  extra-axillary.  Calyx 
cyathiform,  embracing  base  of  fruit,  obscurely  ten  or 
twelve-nerved  (5  or  6  distinct),  subpentagonal,  subtruncate, 
five  or  six-toothed,  the  teeth  acute,  erect,  smooth.  Corolla 
white,  quite  large,  about  %  in.  in  diameter,  the  divisions 
very  long  and  narrow,  often  twisted.  Berry  cylindro-con- 
ical,  straight  or  curved,  about  3  in.  long,  by  -J-  in.  diameter, 
or  smaller,  usually  rugose,  sometimes  smooth,  at  first  a 
shining  green,  then  red;  two-celled;  the  placenta  thick  at 
the  base ;  acrid. 

"  This  species  differs  principally  from  Capsicum  annuum, 
Fingerhuth,  by  the  round  stem;  pubescent  and  dichotom- 
ous or  triehotomous  branchings;  freedom  from  lower 
leaves  ;  the  leaves  clustered  at  summits  ;  all  of  one  size  and 


A   REVISION   OF   THE    GENUS   CAPSICUM.  69 

nearly  or  quite  lanceolate  ;  petioles  as  long  as  the  leaves ; 
the  clustered  peduncles ;  the  white  corolla  with  deep  and 
narrow  lacinese,  and  the  shining  green  of  the  unripe  berry. 
The  aspect  of  the  plant  is  very  distinct,  the  dark  green 
lanceolate  leaves  closely  clustered  and  so  dense  as  to  over- 
lap, the  low  and  spreading  compact,  bush-like  appearance, 
the  fruit  crowded  with  the  leaves,  the  bare  and  knobby- 
looking  stems  where  exposed  to  view.  As  grown  by  me 
the  plant  was  1-1^  ft.  high,  and  ripened  its  berries  in 
September  of  the  year  when  sown."  * 

BED  CLUSTER.!  This  variety,  and  its  yellow  form,  are 
the  only  ones  included  in  this  group.  Professor  Bailey 
alludes  to  it  as  one  of  the  most  distinct  of  any  he  ever 
grew.J  Catalogue  descriptions  sometimes  allude  to  it  as  a 
form,  or  sport,  from  Chilli.  This  is  evidently  true,  as 
variations  toward  the  Chilli  type  have  often  been  ob- 
served.— Plate  9,  f.  4. 

YELLOW  CLUSTER.  §  Identical  with  the  preceding  except 
that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

++  **  Leares  and  fruit  not  fascicled. 
O.  annuum  acuminatum  Fingerh. 

Plants  herbaceous  or  suffrutescent,  1-J— 2-J  ft.  high, 
spreading  1^—2  ft.  Branches  numerous,  erect  or  spread- 
ing, bearing  a  dense  mass  of  foliage.  Leaves  solitary, 
sometimes  semifascicled,  2-3^  in.  long,  1-2  in.  wide,  avg. 
about  1-j-  by  2*-  in.,  ovate  acuminate,  deep  green  on  upper 
surface,  much  paler  below,  sparsely  pubescent  on  veins 
below ;  margins  subciliate  especially  on  younger  leaves ; 
petioles  medium  stout,  f-1  in.  long,  generally  smooth. 
Peduncles  slender,  enlarging  toward  calyx  end.  Calyx 


*  Original  description  of  the  species  fasciculatum. 

f  Burpee,  Cat.  1889.— Japan  Cluster.  Dreer,  Cat.  1891.— French, 
Piment  a  bouquet  rouge. —  German,  Bother  Trauben-Pfeffer. —  Japanese, 
Tenjikumamori,  according  to  Stnrtevant,  1.  c. 

t  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Coll.  31:  38.  Nov.  1887. 

§  Haage  &  Schmidt,  Cat.     1893.—  German,  Gelber  Trauben-Pfeffer. 


70  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

usually  embracing  base  of  fruit.  Corolla  medium,  spread- 
ing -J-J  in.,  dingy  white.  Fruit  very  slender,  -J-4^- in. 
long,  -J— |  in.  diani.,  smooth  or  subrugose,  usually  more  or 
less  curved,  2-celled;  flesh  very  thin,  about  -fa  in.  thick, 
extremely  pungent,  red  or  yellow.  The  long  fruit  of  this 
and  the  preceding  variety  is  sometimes  called  finger-pepper. 

=  Fruit  erect. 

CHILLI.*  Plants  about  2^  ft.  high,  very  branchy.  Fruit 
borne  about  even  with  the  leaves,  at  first  a  shining  green 
afterwards  becoming  coral  red,  2-3  in.  long,  nearly  straight, 
smooth  or  subrugose  ;  base  sometimes  slightly  compressed 
by  the  calyx.  This  differs  from  Chili  as  described  by 
Burr  f  in  having  shorter  and  erect  fruit.  Dr.  Sturtevant's 
notes  indicate  both  pendent  and  erect  forms.  Plants 
grown  by  us  from  seed  of  many  sources  produced  almost 


*  Bed  ChiU.  Hovey,  Cat.  1889.—  Chili  Pepper.  Burr,  Field  &  Gard. 
Veg.  622.  1863.—  Long  Cayenne.  Hend.  Cat.  1884.—  ChiU  Pepper,  or 
Chillies.  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  151.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson].— 
Chili.  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31:  38.  1887,— French,  Piment  du 
Chili.—  German,  Chileniacher  scharfer  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  conicum   Meyer,  Fl.  Esseq.  112.     1818.— Linn.  Syst.  4:  809. 

1819    [ed.  R6'm.    et  Schult."].—  Fingerh.   Monogr.   Gen.  Capsici  16. 

1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4 :  445.     1838 .— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 : 

415.     1852. 
Capsicum  annuum  acuminatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  13.  t.  2.f. 

c.     1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  412.     1852. 
Capsicum  conicum  orientale.    Dunal,  1.  c.  415. 
Capsicum  Chilense    Hort.  Vilmorin-And.  Fl.   Pleinc  Terre   886.     1870 

[3d  ed.]. 

Piper  Indicum  surrectis  corniculis.    Camerar.  Hort.  Med.  127.    1688. 
Piper  Indicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis.  difC.  1.  Pyramidale  majus.  2. 

pyramidale  minus.    Bauhin.  Pinax  102.     1623. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis,  brevibus.    Tournef .  Inst.  162. 

1700.— Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1771  [ed.  6]. 
Piper  Indicum  medium  longum  erectum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.    Aut.  Ord.  1 :11. 

/.  2.    1713. 

Capsicum  surrectum,  medium  Styli  forma.  Tillus,  Cat.  PI.  Pisa.  30.    1723. 
Solanum  mordens  fructu  longo  erecto.    Weinmann.  Phyt.  349.  t.  928.  /. 
e.     1745. 

t  Burr,  Field  and  Gard.  Veg.  611.     1866. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS   CAPSICUM.  71 

invariably  erect  fruit,  and  the  few  pendent  ones  properly 
belonged  to  the  Long  Cayenne  variety. —  Plate  10,  f .  1. 

YELLOW  CHILLI.*  Fruit  usually  more  pyramidal  in  shape 
than  the  preceding,  usually  thicker  and  averaging  some- 
what shorter,  otherwise  differing  only  in  being  of  a  bright 
yellow  color.— Plate  10,  f.  2. 

=  =  Fruit  pendent. 

LONG  CAYENNE.!  Plant  vigorous,  1-J— 2^-  ft.  high. 
Branches  numerous,  medium  stout,  green,  erect  or  upright. 


*  Seed  from  Professor  L.  H.  Bailey,  Cornell  University,  1892. 

Capsicum  pyramidale  Miller,   Gard.  Diet.  1771  [no.  7.  ed.  6].-— Linn. 

Syst.  4 :  563.     1819  [ed.  Ro'm.  et  Schult.].—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  1.  c.  15. 

f.  3.  f.  e.    1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  446.    1838.— Dunal  in  DC. 

Prodr.  131:  414.    1852.— Miquel,  PL  Ned.  Ind.  2:  661.     1856. 
Capsicum  torulosum  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  Suppl.  27.     1819.    Fide  Index 

Kewensis. 
Capsicum  pyramidale  torulosum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  15.     1832. —  Dunal  in 

DC.  Prodr.  131:  414.     1852. 
Capsicum  pyramidale  longicorne  Dunal,  1.  c. 

Capsicum  minus  flavum.   Rumph.  Herb.  Amb.  5:  248.  t.  88.  f.  3.    1747. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis  brevibus.   Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1771 

[ed.  6]. 

t  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  151.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson].—  Cay- 
enne. Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31:38.  1887.— French,  Piment  de 
Cayenne. 

Capsicum  longum  DC.  ex  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.   Capsici  28.  t.  6.  f.  d, 

1832. 
Capsicum  longum   ceratoides  recurvum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  181:   424. 

1852. 
Capsicum  longum  Cayennense  Hort.    Vilmorin-And.  Fl.  Pleine  Terre  884. 

1870  [3ded.]. 

Siliquastrum  tertium.     Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Basil.  733.  /.     1542. 
Capsicum  oblongius.  Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Basil.  426. /.     1545. 
Siliquastrum  oblongius.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Lugd.  693. /.     1551. 
Capsicum  recurvis  siliquis.    Dodon.  Hist.  Stirp.  Pempt.  704.  /.     1583; 

716.  /.     1616.— Magnol,  Hort.  Monsp.  41.     1697.—  Tournef.  Inst.  152. 

1700.— Tillus,  Cat.  PI.  Hort.  Pisa.  30.    1723.—  Boerhaave,  Index  PL 

Lugd.-Bat.  2:  68.     1727.  —  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1731  [no.  2]. 
Piper  Indicum.     Camerar.  PI.  Epit.  347. /.     1586. 
Siliquastrum  varietas  longum.    Camerar.  PI.  Epit.  348.  /.°    1586. 


72  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

Leaves  medium,  dark  green,  l|-3  in.  long,  1-1^  in. 
wide;  petioles  medium,  1-1-}  m-  long.  Peduncles  solitary, 
medium  stout,  1-1^  m'  l°ng»  curved  or  recurved.  Corolla 
white,  spreading  f-li  in.  Fruit  3-4  in.  long  (rarely  more), 
i-f-  in.  diam.,  pendent,  oblong  acuminate,  usually  sub- 
rugose  and  more  or  less  curved,  usually  transversely  fur- 
rowed; flesh  very  thin  and  extremely  pungent. —  Plate 
11,  f .  3. 

The  earlier  catalogue  accounts  of  Cayenne,  True  Cayenne, 
or  Small  Cayenne,  refer  to  another  variety,  here  called 
Cayenne.  Vilmorin  mentions  Long  Cayenne  as  a  sub- 
variety  of  Long  Eed  and  belonging  to  a  different  botanical 
species  from  the  True  Cayenne. 

LONG  YELLOW  CAYENNE.*  Identical  with  the  preceding 
except  that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. —  Plate  12, 
f.  1. 


Capsicum  siliquis  longis  recurvis.     Bauh.  Phyt.  155.     1596. 

Piper  longum  minus  siliquis  recurvis.    Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.   Cur. 

Post.  101,  /.  10,  102.     1611.— Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662. 
Piper  Calecuticum,  sive  Capsicum  oblongius.    Bauhin.  Hist.  PI.  Ebrod. 

2:943.    1651. 
Chilli,  Piper  siliquosumMexicanum.    Hernand.  Nov.  Hist.  Romae  1 : 135. 

1651. 

Siliquastrum.    Pancovius,  Herb./.  296.    1678. 
Piper  Capsicum.    Chabraeus,  Sciag.  297.  /.     1677. 
Solanum  Capsicum  dictum,  propendentibus  siliquis  oblongis  recurvis. 

Hermann.  Hort.  Acad.  Lugd.-Bat.  576.    1687. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  minus  siliquis  recurvis.     Morison,  Hist.  PI. 

Oxon.  3:  529.     1699. 
Solanum,  urens  siliqua  propendente  rubra.    Morison,  1.  c.  Sect.  13.  t.  2. 

f.    1699. 
Capsicum  siliquis  recurvis,  minus.     Tournef.  Inst.   152.     1700. —  Tillus, 

Cat.  PI.  Hort.  Pisa.  30.    1723.—  Boerhaave,  Index  PI.  Lugd.-Bat.  2: 

68.    1727. 
Piper  Indicum  minus  recurvis  siliquis.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Aut.  Ord.  1:  6. /. 

2.     1713. 
Solanum  mordens  siliquis  oblongis  recurvis.     Weinmann.  Phyt.  349.   J. 

927.  f.d.    1745. 

*  Henderson,  Cat.  1884. 
Capsicum  longum  luteum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  t.  7. /.  b.     1832. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  73 

NEPAL  CHILLI.*  Plants  not  distinguishable  from  Long 
Cayenne,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  subvariety.  Calyx  oc- 
casionally not  embracing  base  of  fruit.  Fruit  -J-l^-  in. 
long,  -J-f  in.  diam.,  oblong,  cylindrical,  or  obtusely  conical, 
smooth  or  often  with  a  transverse  depression  on  one  side 
near  the  apex.  Often  varies  so  as  to  be  almost  identical 
with  Long  Cayenne. —  Plate  11,  f.  1. 

YELLOW  NEPAL  CHILLI. f  Identical  with  the  preceding 
except  that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

*  *  Calyx  not  usually  embracing  base  of  fruit  except  in  the  Ivory 
Tusk  variety. 

€.  anniium  longum  Sendt. 

Capsicum  annuum  Linn.  Fl.  Zeyl.  38.  1747;  Hort.  Upsal.  47.  1748;  Sp. 
PI.  188.  1753.— Gouan,  Hort.  Reg.  Monsp.  111.  1762.— Miller) 
Gard.  Diet.  1771  [no.  Led.  6].— Aublet,  Hist.  PI.  Guiane  1:  219. 
1775.— Linn.  Syst.  226.  1784  [ed.  14.  Murray].—  Thunb.  Fl.  Japon. 
93.  1784.— Loureiro,  Fl.  Cochin  1:  127.  1790;  1:  157.  1793  [ed. 
Willd.].— Gaertn.  Fruct.  et  Sem.  2:241.  1791.— Lamarck,  Enc. 
Meth.  2:  26.  1793  [no.  2388].— Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1:  1050.  1797  [ed. 
Willd.].— Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1797  [ed.  Martyn].  (In  part).—  Des- 
font.  Fl.  Atlant.  1:  196.  1798-1800.— Poiret,  Enc.  Meth.  6:  324. 

*  Seeds  of  this  variety  and  of  the  Yellow  Nepal  Chilli  were  received 
from  Saharanpur  Garden  in  India  in  1895.     They  are  not  known  in  cul- 
tivation in  this  country. 

Capsicum  pendulum  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  PI.  Reg.  Berol.  242.  1809.— 
Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1 :  224.  1813.—  Linn.  Syst.  4:  562.  1819  [ed. 
Rom.  et  Schult.].— Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 : 190.  1821.— 
Fingerh.  Monogr.  25.  t.  7.  f.  d.  1832.—  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  445. 
1838.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  425.  1852. 

Capsicum  pendulum  minus  Fingerh.  Monogr.  25.  1832. —  Dunal  in  DC. 
Prodr.  131:  426.  1852. 

Capsicum  pendulum  torulosum  Fingerh.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 

Capsicum  pendulum  majus.    Dunal,  1.  c. 

t  Capsicum  Sinense  Linn.  Syst.  226.  1784  [ed.  14.  Murray].—  Lam.  Enc. 
Meth.  2:  26.  1793  [no.  2394].— Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1:  1051  [ed.  Willd.].— 
Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1797  [ed.  Martyn].—  Poiret,  Enc.  Meth.  6:  326. 
1804.— Persoon,  Syn.  PI.  1:  229.  1805.— Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1: 
224.  1813.—  Linn.  Syst.  4:  564.  1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].— Link, 
Enum.  PI.  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1:  190.  1821.— Fingerh.  Monogr.  26. 
t.  S.  f.  d.  1832.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  426.  1852. 

Capsicum  curvipes  Dunal,  1.  c.  423. 


74  MISSOURI  BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 

1804.— Persoon,  Syn.  PL  1 :  229.     1805.—  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1 :  223. 

1813.— Meyer,  Fl.  Esseq.  112.     1818.—  Linn.  Syst.  4:  559.    1819  [ed. 

Rom.  et  Schult.].— Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Keg.  Berol.  1 :  190.    1821.— 

Moon,  Cat.  PL  Ceylon  16.      1824.—  Weyhe  &  Nees  von  Esenbeck, 

PL  Offic.  1.  pi.  1 90.     1828.—  Roxb.  FL  Ind.  1 :  573.     1832.—  Fingerh. 

Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  12.  t.  2.f.  a.  1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4= :  444. 

1838.— Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10 :  147.    1846.— Hooker,  Niger  FL 

472.     1849.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  412.     1852.—  Miquel,  Fl.  Ned. 

Ind.  2 :  657.     1856.— Drury,  Useful  PL  Ind.  111.     1858.— Reichenb.  Ic. 

FL  Germ.  20.  pi.  13.  f.  2.     1862.— Miquel,  Mus.  Lugd.-Bat.  3:  117. 

1867.—  Hemsley,  Biol.  Cent.-Am.  2 :  423.     1881-2. 
Capsicum   Tournefortii  Bess.   Cat.  Hort.  Crem.   27.     1811.    Fide  Index* 

Kewensis. 
Capsicum  annuum  ovoideum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  14.  t.2.f.  e. 

1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  412.     1852. 
Capsicum  annuum  subangulosum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  13.  t.  2. 

f.  d.     1832. 

Capsicum  annuum  longicarpum  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  445.     1838. 
Capsicum  annuum  longum  Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10:  147.     1846. — 

Kuntze,  Revis.  Gen.  Plant.  449.     1891.     (As  to  races  with  refracted 

fruit.) 

Capsicum  annuum  erectum  Kuntze,  Revis.  Gen.  Plant.  449.     1891. 
Siliquastrum  majus  etminus.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Basil.  731-732. /.    1542; 

Hist.  Stirp.  Lugd.  693.  /.    1551. 

Capsicon  rubeum  &  nigrurn.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  425. /.     1545. 
Piper  Indicum,  sive  Siliquastrum.    Pinaeus,  Hist.  PL  Lugd.  12.    1561. 
Piper  Indicum.     Matth.  Comment.  23. /.     1560;  400. /.     1570.  Compend. 

PL  Omnib.  322.   /.     1571.     Matth.   Opera  434.   /.     1598.— Blackw. 

Herbarium  2.  pi.  1 29.     1754. 

Capsicum,  Piper  Indicum.     Lobel,  PL  Stirp.  Hist.  Antv.  172.     1576. 
Capsicum  oblongioribus    siliquis.    Dodon.  Stirp.  Hist.  Pempt.  704.  /. 

1583;  716. /.     1616. 
Siliquastrum.   Bassaeus,  Eicones  PL  859. /.    1590. — Tabern.  Kreuterbuch 

529. /.     1591;  Volk.  Kreuterbuch  2:  559. /.     1613. 
Capsicum  Actuarij,  sive  Caninum  Zinziber.   etc.    Lobel.   Icones   Stirp. 

316.     1691. 
Capsicum.     Clus.  in  Monard.  Simplic.  Med.  387.     1593. —  Monardus  in 

Clus.  Exot.  340.  /.     1605. 

Capsicum  siliquis  oblongis.    Bauhin.  Phytopinax  155.     1596. 
Capsicum  longioribus  siliquis.    Gerarde,  Herball  292.  /.  1 .    1597 ;  364.  /. 

1.     1636. 
Piper  Americanum  vulgatior.     Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  103.  /. 

1611. 

Piper  oblongum  recurvis  siliquis.     Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  101. 
/.  9.    1611.—  Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  *.  56.     1662.—  Raius,  Hist.  PL  1 : 

678.    1686. 
Piper    Indicum    longum  maximum.      Hort.    Eyst.  1613   [fide  Morison, 

PL  Hist.  Oxon.  8:  529.     1699];  1.  Aut.  Ord.  1:  6./.  2.     1713. 


A    KEVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  75 

Solanum  urens  siliqua  propendente  rubra.     Morison,  1.  c.  Sect.  13.  t.  2. 

f.2. 
Piper    Indicum    propendentibus    siliquis    oblongis    recurvis.     Bauhin. 

Pinax  102.     1623. 
Piper  Indicum  vulgatissimum.      Bauhin.  Pinax   102.     1623. —  Morison, 

Hist.  PL  Oxon.  3:  528.    16<J9. 
Capsicum  oblongum  minus  recurvis  siliquis.     Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357, 

/.  1£,358.    1640.—  Sloane,  Cat.  PI.  Jamaic.  113.    1696. 
Capsicum  majusvulgatius  oblongis  siliquis.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  855, 

366. /.J.     1640.—  Magnol,  Hort.  Monsp.  41.     1697. 
Capsicum  oblongum  majus  recurvis  siliquis.     Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot. 

357,  /.  Id,  358.     1640. 

Capsicum  erectumjmajus  longurn.     Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  358.    1640. 
Figures  without  name,  in  Hernand.  Nov.  Hist.  PL  1 : 135-137.     1651. 
Piper  Indicum  longiorib.  siliquis  rubr.     Sweert.   Florilegium  2:  t.  35. 

f.  3.     1654. 

Piper  longum  majus  surrectum.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662. 
Piper  vulgatissima.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662. 
Capsicum  Brasilianum  fructu  oblongo.     Hunting,  Waare  Oeffen.   341. 

1682. 
Solanum  Capsicum  dictum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis.  Hermann.  Hort. 

Acad.  Lugd.-Bat.  576.     1687. 

Solanum  Capsicum  dictum  vulgatissimum.    Hermann.  Hort.  Acad.  Lugd.- 
Bat.  574.     1687. 

Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis.     Magnol,  Hort.  Monsp.  42.     1697. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliquis  oblongis  recurvis.     Morison,  PL 

Hist.  Oxon.  3 :  529.     1699. 
Capsicum   sive  Piper  Indicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis.  Morison, 

PL  Hist.  Oxon.  3:  530.     1699. 
Capsicum  siliquis  longis,  propendentibus.   Tournef.   Inst.   152.   1700.— 

Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.   Pisa.   30.     1723.— Miller,   Card.   Diet.     1731 

[no.  1]. 

Piper  Indicum  medium.     Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Aut.  Ord.  1:  7.     1713. 
Capsicum;   fructu  oblongo,  nunc  erecto,  nunc  nutante,  rubro.     Miller, 

Gard.  Diet.     1731  [no.  9]. 

Capsicum.  Piper  indicum.     Blackw.  Herbal  1.  pi.  129.     1737. 
Solanum  mordens  medium.    "Weinmann.  Phyt.  4:  349.  t.  927.  f.  e.   1745. 

Plants  quite  erect,  stalky,  1^-2^-  ft.  high,  tree  like. 
Stem  green,  sparingly  hairy,  stout.  Branches  few,  large, 
quite  erect,  green,  purplish  at  nodes,  often  purplish  stnate, 
sparsely  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate  acuminate,  deep  green, 
2-J-4in.  long,  1^-2^ in.  wide,  slightly  hairy  on  midrib  be- 
low; lower  ones  often  pendent,  sometimes  involute  and 
more  or  less  wrinkled  ;  upper  ones  smoother  and  more 
erect ;  petiole  large,  smooth,  sometimes  longer  than  blade. 


76  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

Peduncles  solitary,  curved  or  straight  either  on  the  same 
or  on  different  plants,  -J-l-g-  in.  long,  stout,  enlarging 
toward  calyx  end.  Calyx  usually  pateriform  or  funnel- 
form,  rarely  embracing  base  of  fruit  except  in  the  Ivory 
Tusk  variety,  though  sometimes  where  the  calyx  is  slightly 
larger  than  the  base  the  fruit  is  obscurely  inclosed  by  the 
margin  of  the  calyx.  Corolla  large,  dingy  white,  spread- 
ing |-1£  in.  Fruit  3-12  in.  long  (rarely  more),  f-lf  in. 
diam.,  tapering;  base  flat  or  slightly  depressed  ;  flesh  iV-i 
in.  thick,  sometimes  mild,  sometimes  extremely  pungent. 
The  varieties  differ  from  C.  annuum  acuminatum  by 
the  stems  and  branches  being  larger  and  more  stalky; 
leaves  larger,  often  pendent  and  involute ;  calyx  pateri- 
form or  funnel  form ;  fruit  larger,  and  flesh  thicker. 

+-  Corolla  more  or  less  blotched  with  purple ;  fruit  at  first  nearly 
black,  afterwards  becomiDg  orange -red. 

BLACK  NUBIAN*.  Plant  vigorous,  2-2^  ft.  high,  quite 
loosely  spreading  2-3  ft.  Stem  and  branches  smooth, 
dark  purple  or  purple  striate.  Leaves  2-3  in.  long,  If—If 


*  Childs,  Cat.  1892.—  Purple  or  Sore-throat.  Titford,  Hort.  Bot.  47. 
1812.—  Purple  or  Slue  Podded  syn.  Black  Podded.  Burr,  Field  &  Card. 
Veg.  623.  1863.—  Purple  Capsicum.  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  161.  1885 
[Eng.  ed.  Robinson] . —  French,  Piment  violet,  Piment  noir. —  German, 
Schwarzernubischer  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  nigrum  Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 :  242.    1809. — Poiret, 

Enc.  Meth.  Suppl.  4:  414.     1816. 
Capsicum  purpureum  Vahl   ex   Hornem.   Hort.  Hafn.    1:  224.     1813.— 

Roxb.   Fl.    Ind.   1:  573.    24  Dec.  1831.— Don,   Hist.    Dich.   PI.  4: 

446.     1838. 
Capsicum  violaceum  DC.  Hort.  Monsp.  87.     1813. —  Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp. 

PL  3:  49.     1818.—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  23.     1832.— Don, 

Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  447.     1838.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  423.  1852. 
Capsicum  bicolor  (Jacq.) ,— Bot.  Mag.  43.  t.  1835.     1816.— Linn.  Sp.  PI. 

4:  564.     1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].— Link,  Enum.  PI.  Hort.  Reg. 

Berol.  1:  190.    1821.— Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  15.  t.  3.f.  a. 

1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.    1838.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1: 

413.   1852.—  Seemann,  Bot.  Herald  401,     1852-57.—  Miquel,  Fl.  Ned. 

Ind.  2:660.     1856. 
Capsicum  Quitense  Willd.  Herb.— Linn.  Syst.  4:  809.     1819  [ed.  Rom.  et 

Schult.].  Fide  Index  Kewensis. 


A   REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  77 

in.  wide,  more  or  less  blotched  with  purple  especially  along 
the  veins,  smooth,  slightly  puffed;  petiole -J-l^- in.  long. 
Peduncles  straight  or  curved  on  same  plant,  -J-ly  in.  long, 
quite  slender.  Corolla  spreading  J— f  in.,  purple  or  purple 
striate  along  the  margins  of  the  petals.  Ovary  green  at 
first  but  soon  after  the  corolla  drops  becoming  a  dark  glossy 
purple.  Fruit  upright,  spreading,  or  pendent,  on  same 
plant,  2-4  in.  long,  -J-f  in.  diam.,  tapering  to  a  rounded  or 
sometimes  acute  apex,  smooth  or  somewhat  irregularly 
curved,  1-2  celled;  base  usually  narrowing  into  the  calyx; 
flesh  about  -fa  in.  thick,  quite  firm,  extremely  pungent; 
black  or  dark  purple,  ripening  into  a  deep  orange-red 
mottled  with  dingy  brown  spots. 

•»-  Corolla  white. 

•n-  Calyx  pateriform,  usually  not  entirely  covering  the  flat  base  of 
the  fruit. 

LONG  RED.*  Branches  often  quite  prominently  purple 
striate.  Corolla  spreading  about  1^  in.  Fruit  4-7  in. 
long,  i-l|-  in.  diam.,  oblong  conical,  frequently  more  or 
less  curved,  with  an  acute,  rounded  or  sometimes  obscurely 
2-3  lobed  apex,  smooth,  sometimes  obscurely  furrowed 


Capsicum  bicolor  purpureum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici   16.     1832. — 

Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  414.     1852. 
Capsicum  Hamiltonii  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  447.     1838, —  Dunal  in  DC. 

Prodr.  IS1:  429.     1852. 

Capsicum  longum  violaceum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  424.     1852. 
Capsicum  Narunca  Hort.  Matr.  ex  Dun.  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  414.     1852. 

Fide  Index  Kewensis. 
Capsicum  siliquis  longis,    propendentibus,  purpureis.    Haller,  Enum. 

Hort.  Gott.  215.     1753. 

*  Burr,  Field  &  Gard.  Veg.  622.  1863.—  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Card.  150. 
•1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson] .—  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31 : 39.  1887.— 
Coral  Peppers.  Titford,  Hort.  Bot.  1812.  —  French,  Piment  rouge  long, 
Piment  rouge  long  ordinaire.—  German,  Langer  rother  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  longum  DC.  Cat.  Monsp.  86.  1813.— Linn.  Syst.  4:  560.  1819 
[ed.  Rom  et  Schult.]. —  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  Suppl.  27.  1819. — 
Link,  Enum.  PI.  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1:  190.  1821.— Miquel,  Fl.  Ind. 
2:658.  1856;  Mus.  Lugd.-Bat.  3:  117.  1867. 


78  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

longitudinally,  rarely  subrugose,  2-celled;  flesh  iV-iV  in. 
thick,  usually  quite  pungent,  sometimes  mild. 

A  very  old  and  universally  cultivated  variety,  especially  in 
European  countries.  Dr.  Palmer  speaks  of  the  Mexican 
plant  corresponding  to  this  variety  as  very  common  in 
cultivation  in  that  country,  being  the  universal  market 
variety  which  bears  abundantly.  Several  cases  were  seen 
where  plants  were  in  quite  a  thrifty  condition  at  three  years 
of  age.  These  plants  were  four  feet  high,  presenting  a 
clumsy  appearance,  with  heavy  branches  hanging  loosely 
about.  The  fruit  on  a  single  plant  was  variable  in  shape, 
straight  or  bent,  smooth  or  wrinkled,  slender  or  thickened. 

COUNTY  FAIR.*  Fruit  4-6  in.  long,  1^-2  in.  diam.  at 
the  base,  hornshaped,  smooth,  glossy,  rounded  at  apex, 
often  with  obscure  furrows  extending  a  part  or  the  entire 
length,  terminating  in  a  minutely  lobed  apex;  flesh  firm, 
about  ^  in.  thick  or  more,  mild  and  slightly  juicy  when 
ripe,  somewhat  pungent  about  the  seeds,  deep  red. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  productive  of  the  long  varieties, 
as  well  as  the  best  in  quality,  and  merits  a  high  place  where 
pungent  properties  are  not  desired.  It  was  introduced 
about  1892.— Plate  14,  f.  1. 

•M-  -M.  Calyx  funnel  form,  usually  entirely  covering  the  base  or  some- 
times obscurely  embracing  the  fruit. 

CARDINAL. f  Plants  not  distinguishable  from  Long  Red. 
Peduncles  sometimes  curved  upwards,  placing  the  fruit  in 
an  erect  position.  Fruit  4-7  in.  long,  ^-1-^  in.  diam.,  taper- 


*  Henderson,  Cat.     1892. 

Capsicum  longum  incrassatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  24.  t.  7.f. 

a.    1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  424.     1852. 
Capsicum  Americanum,  fructu  oblongo,  dulce  (Plum.)  Tournef.  Inst. 

153.   1700. 
Solanum    mordens    fructu  propendente  oblongo   crasso.      Weinmann. 

Phyt.  349.  t.  927.  f.  c.     1745. 

t  Henderson,  Cat.  1891.—  Bed  Cardinal.    Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Ag.  CoL 
31:40.     1887. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS    CAPSICUM.  79 

ing  to  n  usually  acute  apex,  usually  curved  and  sometimes 
twisted,  often  obscurely  furrowed ;  flesh  about  -^  in.  thick, 
slightly  pungent;  seeds  extremely  pungent.  Introduced 
about  1890.—  Plate  13,  f .  1. 

LONG  YELLOW.*  Fruit  averages  a  little  smaller  than 
Long  Red,  otherwise  the  same  except  in  color,  which  is  a 
bright  yellow,  and  in  the  calyx  which  is  somewhat  funnel 
form  entirely  covering  or  slightly  embracing  the  base  of 
the  fruit.  A  very  old  variety. —  Plate  12,  f .  2. 


*  Burr,  Field  &  Gard.  Veg.  622.  1863.— Vilmorin- And.  Veg.  Gard. 
151.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson]. — Long  Yellow  French.  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich. 
Agr.  Col.  31 :  38.  1887. —  French,  Piment  jaune  long. — German,  Langer  gel- 

ber  rfeffer. 

Capsicum  longum  rectum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  25.  t.  7.  f.  c. 

Capsicum  longum  luteum  Hort.  Vilmorin- And.  Fl.  Pleine  Terre  884.     1870 

[3ded.]. 
Piper  Indicum  propendentibus  siliquis  etc.   diff.  3.   Siliqua  flava,  vel 

aurea.    Bauhin.  Pinax  102.    1623. 

Capsicum  siliqua  flava  breviore.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357.  /.  18.   1640. 
Capsicum  siliqua  flava  longiore.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  358.    1640. 
Piper  longum  siliquis  luteis.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  66.    1662. 
Piper  siliqua  flava.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662. 
Capsicum  siliquis  flavis.    Magnol,  Hort.  Reg.  Monsp.  42.     1697. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  flava  vel  aurea  oblonga.    Morison, 

Hist.  PI.  Oxon.  3:  530.     1699. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  flava  lata.   Morison,  Hist.  PI.  Oxon. 

3:  530.    1699. 
Capsicum  fructu  flavescente.    Tournef .  Inst.  152.    1700. —  Tillus,  Cat.  PI. 

Hort.  Pisa.  30.     1723.— Boerhaave,  Index  PI.  Lugd.-Bat.  2:  68.   1727. 
Piper  Indicum  Aureum  latum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Aut.    Ord.  1 :  9.  /.  2.    1713. 
Piper  Indicum  Siliquis  flavis.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  c.f.l. 
Capsicum;  fructu flavo,  pyramidato,  oblongo,  nunc  erecto,  nunc  nutante. 

Miller,  Gard.  Diet.     1731  [no.  11]. 
Capsicum;  siliqua  lata;  nervosa;  longa;  recurva  lutea.   Boerhaave,  Index 

PI.  Lugd.-Bat.  2:  69.     1727. 
Capsicum;  siliqua  propendente;  aurea;  incurva.    Boerhaave,  Index  PI. 

Lugd.-Bat.  2:  69.     1727. 
Capsicum ;  siliquis  recurvis ;  luteis.    Boerhaave,  Index  PI.  Lugd.-Bat.  2 : 

68.    1727. 
Solanum  mordens  fructu  aureo  lato.    Weinmann.  Phyto.  349.  t.  928.  f.  b. 

1745. 
Solanum  mordens  siliquis   flavis.    Weinmann.  Phyto.  349.  t.  928. /.  o. 

1745. 


80  MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

m.  ++  m.  Calyx  usually  seated  in  a  basal  depression. 

ELEPHANT'S  TRUNK.*  Evidently  a  large  form  of  Cardi- 
nal. Fruit  6-9  in.  long,  rarely  about  a  foot,  2£-3£  in. 
diam.,  deeply  furrowed  and  wrinkled,  tapering  gradually 
from  the  base  to  a  prominently  3-4  lobed  apex,  often  much 
curved  and  twisted,  dark  red;  flesh  somewhat  pungent. 
Introduced  about  1892.—  Plate  13,  f.  2. 

PROCOPP'S  GIANT.  f  Fruit  5-8  in.  long,  l}-2^  in.  diam. 
at  base,  very  rugose  and  irregular  in  form;  flesh  quite  thick 
(about  -j-  in.),  slightly  pungent.  Introduced  about  1888. 

Because  of  the  many  peculiar  contortions  it  ordinarily 
assumes  it  is  often  considered  a  monstrosity.  —  Plate  14,  f. 
2,  and  plate  15,  f  .  1. 

++  ++  ++  -H.  Calyx  usually  cup-shaped  and  inclosing  base  of  fruit. 

IVORY  TusK.J  Plant  quite  a  rank  grower.  Peduncles 
slender.  Fruit  3-(5  in.  long,  -J-J-  in.  diam.,  pendent, 
straight  or  slightly  curved,  usually  smooth  at  first,  the  ripe 
fruit  often  with  few  shallow  longitudinal  furrows,  the 
glossy  surface  of  the  unripe  fruit  resembling  a  tusk,  often 
of  an  ivory  white  sometimes  tinged  with  green,  finally 
becoming  a  deep  red;  flesh  medium  thin,  moderately 
pungent.  Introduced  in  1894,  and  not  yet  very  gen- 
erally disseminated.  —  Plate  11,  f.  2. 

a  a  Fruit  oblate  or  oblong,  truncated,  deeply  lobed,    furrowed  and 
wrinkled;  flesh  mild,  ^y-i  in.  thick. 


C.  annunm  grossum  Sendt. 

Capsicum  grossum  Linn.  Mant.  47.     1767.  —  Thunb.  Fl.  Jap.  93.     1784.  — 
Linn.  Syst.  226.     1784  [ed.  14.  Murray]  .—  Aiton,  Hort.  Kew.  1  :  254. 


*  Senary,  Seed  Cat.     1895. —  French,   Trompe  dj  Elephant. —  German, 
Elephanten-  RUssel . 

Capsicum  annuum  proboscideum.    Haage  &  Schmidt,  Gartenflora  41 :  582, 
583,  /.  125.     1892. 

t  Benary,  Seed  Cat.     1894.  — German,  Procopp's  riesen  Pfeffer. 
%  Childs,  Cat.     1894. 

Capsicum  ceratocarpum.    Fingerh.  Monogr.   Gen.  Capsici  22.  t.  6.  f.  c. 
1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  423.     1852. 


A   REVISION   OF  THE   GENUS    CAPSICUM.  81 

1789.— Desfont.  Fl.  Atlant.  1:196.     1789-1 800.— Linn.    Sp.  PI.  1: 

1051.     1797  [ed.  Willd.].- Miller,  Card.  Diet.     1797  [ed.  Martyn].— 

Lam.   Enc.  Meth.  2 :  26.     1793  [no.  2389].—  Poiret,   Enc.  Meth.  5: 

326.     1804.—  Persoon,     Syn.    PI.     1 : 230.     1805.—  Hornem.     Hort. 

Hafn.     1:223.       1813.— Linn.    Syst.  4:  562.      1819      [ed.  Rom.   et 

Schult.].—  Moon,  Cat.  PI.  Cey.  16.     1824.—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen. 

Capsici    21.   t.    5-6.      1832.— Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.   1:674.     1832.— Nees 

von  Esenb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  17: 162.     1832.— Don,  Hist.Dich.  PL 

4:445.     1838.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  422.     1852.— Miquel,  Fl. 

Ned.  Ind.  2:  659.    1856.— Hooker,  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  4:  239.     1885. 
Capsicum  angulosum  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.   1771  [no.  4.  6th    ed.]. —  Linn. 

Syst.  4:  561.    1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].— Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen. 

Capsici  27.  t.  8.  f.  a.     1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.     1838.— 

Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  426.     1852. 

Capsicum  annuum  angulosum  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1797  [ed.  Martyn]. 
Capsicum  silvestre  Veil.  Fl.  Flum.  Repr.  in  Rio  de  Jan.  Archiv.  Mus.  Nac. 

5:  58.     1881. 

Capsicum  annuum  rugulosum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  13.  t.  2.  /.  b.    1832. 
Capsicum  angulosum  ovale  Fingerh.  Monogr.  28.  t.  8.  /.  b.    1832.—  Dunal 

in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  426.     1852. 
Capsicum  angulosum  conicum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  28.  1832. —  Dunal  in  DC. 

Prodr.  131:426.    1852. 
Capsicum  grossum  pomiferum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  22.  t.  5.f.  c. 

1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4 :  446.     1838.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 : 

423.     1852. 
Capsicum  grossum  ovatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  22.  t.  6.  /.  d. 

1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  423.     1852. 
Capsicum  grossum  cordatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  22.   t.  6.  f. 

a.  1832.— Nees    von  Esenb.   Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  17:63.     1832. 
Capsicum  grossum  angulosum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  Gen.  Capsici  22.  t.  6.  f. 

b.  1832.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  423.     1852. 

Capsicum   Chamaecerasus  Nees  von   Esenb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.   17 :  65. 

1832. 

Capsicum  grossum  globosum  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.     1838. 
Capsicum  grossum  bifidum  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4 :  446.     1838. 
Capsicum  pomiferum  Steud.  Norn.  1:  279.     1840  [ed.  2]. 
Capsicum  annuum  grossum  Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10: 147.    1846. — 

Kuntze,  Revis.  Gen.  Plant.  449.     1891. 

Capsicum  annuum  rugosum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  412.     1852. 
Capsicum  angulosum  macrocarpum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  426.     1852. 
Capsicum  Axi  (Blume).    Veil.  Fl.  Flum.  Repr.  in  Rio  de  Jan.  Arch.  Mus. 

Nac.  5 :  69.     1881.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  428.     1852. 
Siliquastrum  quartum.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Basil.  734.  /.     1542. 
Capsicon  latum.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Basil.  427. /.     1545. 
Siliquastrum  latum.    Fuch.  Hist.  Stirp.  Lugd.  694. /.     1551. 
Capsicum  latum.  Dodon.  Post.  Trium.  Ant.  183. /.     1554. 
Capsicum  latis  siliquis.    Dodon.    Hist.     Stirp.    Pempt.   705.  /.     1583; 

717. /.    1616. 

6 


82  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 

Piperis  Indici  varietas.     Matth.  Opera  434.  /.     1598 ;  434. /.     1674. 
Piper  cum  siliqua  lata  ac  rugosa.    Greg,  de  Keg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  99- 

100.  /.  8.     1611. —  Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.    1662. —  Raius,  Hist. 

PL  1 :  678.     1686. 
Capsicum  siliqua  lata  &  rugosa.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357-358.    /.  5. 

1640. 

Capsicum  bifurcata  siliqua.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  368.     1640. 
Capsicum  siliqua  latiore    &  rotundiore.    Bauhin.  Hist.  PI.  2:  943.  /. 

1651.— Tournef.   Inst.    162.     1700.— Boerhaave,    Index.   PI.    2:69. 

1727.— Miller,  Gard.Dict.  1771  [ed.  6]. 
Piper  Capsicum  siliqua  latiore  &  rotundiore.    Chabraeus,  Omn.  Stirp. 

Sciag.  297. /.     1677. 
Capsicum  seu  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  longa  ampliore  &  dulciore  Mexi- 

canum.    Morison,  PI.  Hist.  Oxon.  8:  629.     1699. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  longum  ventre  tumido,  siliqua  per  summum 

tetragona.     Morison,  PI.  Hist.  Oxon.  8:  629.     1699. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  maximum  obtusum.    Morison,  PI.  Hist. 

Oxon.  8:630.     1699. 
Capsicum  fructu  longo,  ventre  tumido,  per  summum  tetragono.  Tournef. 

Inst.  152.     1700. 
Capsicum  fructu  bifido.     Tournef.  Inst.  152.     1700.—  Tillus,   Cat.  PI. 

Pisa.  30.     1723.— Boerhaave,  Index  PI.  2:  69.     1727. 
Capsicum  fructu  tereti,  oblongo,  latifolium.    Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Pisa.  80. 

1723. 
Capsicum;  siliqua  lata  nervosa;  rubra.     Boerhaave,  Index  PL  g:  69. 

1727. 
Capsicum;  Africanum,  fructu  pyramidal!  pendulo  rugosissimo.     Miller, 

Gard.  Diet.  1731  [no.  4]. 
Capsicum;   fructu  maximo,   oblongo  rugoso  plerumque  nutante  rubro. 

Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1731  [no.  18]. 
Solanum  mordens  bifurcata  siliqua.     Weinmann.  Phyt.  349.  t.  928.  f.  a. 

1746. 
Turbilo-Pepper,  Hughes,   Hist.  Barb.   213.     1760.    Tide  Maycock,    Fl. 

Barb.  104.     1830. 

Plants  herbaceous,  1^—2  ft.  high.  Branches  green,  often 
warty,  glabrous,  much  enlarged  at  the  nodes.  Nodes 
slightly  blotched  with  purple,  subhairy.  Leaves  thick, 
dark  green,  often  glossy  on  the  upper  surface,  ovate,  acu- 
minate or  sometimes  obtuse ;  lower  ones  very  large,  usually 
3-5  in.  long,  2|-3£  in.  wide,  usually  pendent,  more  or  less 
wrinkled,  often  slightly  involute ;  veins  prominent,  rarely 
subpilose  on  the  under  surface;  petioles  2-3  in.  long, 
stout,  deeply  channeled :  upper  ones  smaller,  quite  erect, 
rarely  wrinkled  or  involute.  Peduncles  stout,  £-1  in.  long, 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  83 

often  swollen  at  the  base,  abruptly  narrowing  just  above, 
gradually  enlarging  toward  the  calyx  end.  Corolla  large, 
spreading  -£-1^-  in.,  coarse,  dingy  white.  Fruit  large,  ob- 
late, oblong,  or  truncated,  deeply  3-4  lobed,  usually  with 
a  basal  depression,  more  or  less  sulcate  and  rugose,  3-4 
celled;  flesh  -fa- -J-  in.  thick,  firm,  and  of  a  mild  flavor. 

++  Fruit  pendent,  not  usually  oblate. 

=  Fruit  subconical,  usually  tapering  to  a  narrow  obscurely  lobed  or 
sometimes  rounded  apex. 

EMPEROR.*  Plants  about  2  ft.  high,  vigorous.  Fruit 
3-5  in.  long,  1^-2^-  in.  diam.,t  tapering  toward  the 
apex,  giving  a  broadly  conical  form,  slightly  furrowed; 
apex  rounding  or  obscurely  lobed;  flesh  medium  thick, 
slightly  pungent. 

•=  -a  Fruit  subconical  or  prismatic,  slightly  tapering  to  a  3  to  4 
lobed  apex,  decidedly  longer  than  broad. 

MONSTROUS.  J  Plants  2-2£  ft.  high,  vigorous,  much 
branched  and  with  a  dense  foliage.  Peduncles  curved  or 
rarely  straight.  Fruit  3-6  in.  long,  1^—2^-  in.  diam., 
cylindro-conical,  3-5  shallow  furrows  extending  the  entire 
length,  often  transversely  sulcate  and  very  rugose,  3-5 
lobed,  2-3  celled ;  flesh  %  in.  thick,  slightly  pungent,  dark 
red.  A  late  but  prolific  variety,  originated  in  France 
and  introduced  to  notice  in  this  country  about  1867.  — 
Plate  16. 


*  Giant  Emperor.  Thorburn,  Cat.  1883.— Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr. 
Col.  31:  40.  1887. 

t  Henderson,  Cat.  1883,  and  Thorburn,  Cat.  1884,  give  the  size  of  the 
fruit  as  3  by  14  in.,  which  is  evidently  a  mistake. 

J  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  153.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson]. —  Mon- 
strous, or  Grossum.  Henderson,  Cat.  1876. —  Spanish  Monstrous. 
Thorburn,  Cat.  1884.—  Monstrosum.  Burr,  Cat.  1886.—  Crimson  Queen. 
Tillinghast,  Cat.  according  to  Dr.  Sturtevant. —  French,  Piment  mon- 
strueux. —  German,  Sehr  grosser  milder  monstrb'ser  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  grossum  monstrosum  Hort.      Vilmorin-And.  Fl.  Pleine  Terr* 
884.     1870  [3d  ed.]. 


84  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

SWEET  SPANISH.*  Evidently  only  a  form  of  Monstrous. 
Fruit  4-6  in.  long,  2-3  in.  diam.,  but  slightly  tapering 
toward  the  apex,  usually  with  three  or  four  furrows  extend- 
ing  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  giving  a  uniformly  prismatic 
shape  with  rounded  angles.  —  Plate  17. 

YELLOW  SPANISH.!  Identical  with  the  preceding  except 
that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

=====  =a  Fruit    squarish,    subtruncate,    slightly    longer  than  broad, 

sometimes  very  oblate;  apical  end  often  much  contorted. 


Plant  like  the  Monstrous.  Fruit  2-3  in.  long, 
in.  diam.,  subtruncate,  3-4  prominent  furrows  ex- 
tending the  entire  length,  often  with  one  or  more  second- 
ary furrows  between  the  prominent  ones  near  the  base 
which  vanish  toward  the  apex,  often  lobed  about  a  central 
nipple  and  sometimes  much  contorted  at  the  apex,  3-4 
celled;  flesh  -|—  J-  in.  thick,  slightly  pungent.  The  fruit 
appears  exceptionally  subject  to  great  variation,  and  very 
oblate  forms  often  appear  which  are  almost  identical  with 
the  Squash  pepper.  Professor  Bailey  §  has  recorded  a 
variation  toward  the  Cayenne  type.  The  oblate  form  of 
Bell  may  usually  be  recognized  by  a  slight  projection  at 
the  apical  end,  while  in  the  Squash  variety  this  char- 
acter is  usually  wanting.  —  Plate  18,  and  plate  19,  f.  1. 


*  Burr,  Field  and  Gard.  Veg.  625.  1863.—  Quince- Pepper.  Burr,  1.  c. 
623.—  Large  /Sweet  Spanish.  Landreth,  Cat.  1881.—  Spanish  Mammoth. 
Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  163.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson]. —  New  Sweet 
Spanish.  Henderson,  Cat.  1887. —  French,  Piment  doux  d'Espagne. — 
German,  Bother  milder  ipanischer  Pfeffer. 

t  This  name  is  given  to  the  yellow  form  of  Spanish  Mammotht  accord- 
ing to  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard.  1.  c. 

JBurr,  Field  &  Gard.  Veg.  617.  1863.—  Bed  Prince.  Everitt,  Cat. 
1887.—  Bell,  or  Bull  Nose.  Hend.  Gard.  for  Profit  264.  1887  [3d  ed.].— 
Sweet  Spanish.  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  81 :  41.  1887.—  Bull  Nose. 
Landreth,  Cat.  1894.— French,  Piment  gros  carredouz,  Piment  cloche. 

§  Bull,  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31:  37.     1887. 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  85 

=  =  Fruit  squarish,  subtruncate,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  neither 
oblate  nor  with  apex  contorted. 

SWEET  MOUNTAIN.*  Plants  If -2  ft.  high.  Branches 
comparatively  few.  Fruit  3-4  in.  long,  2-3  in.  diam., 
not  tapering  toward  the  apex,  3-4  shallow  furrows 
extending  the  entire  length,  usually  uniformly  3-lobed  ; 
flesh  mild.  Originated  about  1865. 

This  variety  is  sometimes  considered  a  synonym  of 
Bell  but  the  uniformly  smaller  plants  and  larger  and  milder 
fruits,  which  are  not  as  subject  to  great  variation,  make  it 
quite  distinct,  though  at  most  it  is  but  a  subvariety  or 
improved  form. —  Plate  19,  f.  2,  and  plate  20. 

GOLDEN  DAWN.|  Not  usually  distinguishable  from  the 
last  except  that  the  fruit  is  of  a  beautiful  golden  yellow 
color.  It  often  varies  to  subconical  without  increasing  in 
length.  Introduced  about  1882. —  Plate  21,  f.  2. 

=  ==  =»  Fruit  squarish,  subtruncate,  longer  than  broad,  usually  slightly 
tapering. 

KUBY  KiNG.J  Plant  not  distinguishable  from  Sweet 
Mountain.  Fruit  4-7  in.  long,  2-4  in.  diam.,  deeply  4-5 
furrowed  and  lobed,  usually  slightly  tapering  toward  the 
apex  ;  flesh  slightly  pungent.  A  very  large  form  of  Bell. 
Introduced  about  1884.— Plate  21,  f.  1. 

GOLDEN  KINO  §    is  said  to   have   originated  as  a  sport 

*  Burr,  Field  &  Gard.  Veg.  625.  1863.— Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr. 
Col.  31 :  41.  1887. —  Sweet  Mountain,  or  Mammoth.  Hend.  Qard.  for  Profit 
264.  1886.— French,  Piment  carr6  doux  d'Amtrique.— German,  Eckiger 
dicker  kurxer  rother  siisser  Pfeffer. 

f  Thorburn,  Cat.  1883.  — Hend.  Gard.  for  Profit  265.  1886  [3d  ed.].— 
Golden  Dawn  Mango.  Sibley,  Cat.  1884.—  Yellow  Bell.  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich. 
Agr.  Col.  81 :  41.  1887. —  Yellow  Nocre.  Notes  and  figures  by  Dr.  Stur- 
tevant,  seed  from  Batchelor,  1887.—  Sweet  Golden  Dawn.  Thorburn, 
Cat.  1887.—  Golden  Mango.  Seed  from  Childs,  1892.— French,  Piment 
carre  jaunt  hattf. 

t  Hend.  Gard.  for  Profit  265.  1886  [3d  ed.].—  New  Large  Scarlet. 
Batchelor,  seed,  1887. 

§  Burpee,  Cat.  1894.—  Mammoth  Golden  Queen.  Storrs  &  Harrison, 
Cat.1882.-  Orange  Mammoth.  Livingston,  seed,  1887.— French,  Piment 
mammoth  jaune  d'or. 


86  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

from  Ruby  King  about  1886.  The  fruit  appears  to  be  a 
little  shorter  in  proportion  to  the  diameter  than  Ruby 
King,  otherwise  the  same  except  that  the  color  is  a  bright 
golden  yellow.  Introduced  about  1893.— Plate  22,  f.  1. 

++  ++  Fruit  erect,  not  usually  oblate. 

BRAZILIAN  UPRIGHT.*  Plant  about  2  ft.  high,  foliage 
rather  dense.  Leaves  3-5  in.  long,  ovate  acuminate  to  ovate 
obtuse.  Penduncles  1-1^  in.  long,  comparatively  slender, 
sometimes  slightly  bent  under  weight  of  fruit.  Fruit  2-5 
in.  long,  1^—2^- in.  diam.,  prismatic,  subconic  or  subtruncate, 
irregularly  rugose,  rarely  nearly  smooth,  in  general  2-3 
lobed  at  apex,  2-3  deep  furrows  at  base  becoming  obscure 
or  lost  at  the  middle ;  base  usually  depressed ;  flesh  firm, 
about  -J  in.  thick,  mild;  seeds  acrid.  Introduced  about 
1890.— Plate  23. 

GOLDEN  UPRIGHT.!  About  1^  ft.  high,  with  few  large 
stout  branches.  Leaves  dark  green,  few.  Fruit  yellow,  3-4 
in.  long,  2-3  in.  diam.,  subtruncate,  deeply  3-4  lobed,  flat  or 
slightly  depressed  at  base,  3-4  shallow  sinuses  radiating 
from  the  calyx,  vanishing  toward  the  middle,  reappearing 

*  New  Brazilian  Sweet  Upright.    Thorburn,  Cat.  1892. 
Piper  rotundum  majus  surrectum.     Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post. 

96-97. /.I.     1611.— Raius,  Hist.  PL  1:  677.     1686. 
Piper  Indicum  siliquis  surrectis  rotundis,  diff.  1.  maximum  obtusum. 

Bauhin.  Pinax  103.     1623. 
Piper  Indicum  siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis.  diff.  4.  siliqua  bifurcata. 

Bauhin.  Pinax  103.     1623. 
Capsicum  rotundum  majus  surrectum.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  256-357. 

/.  3.     1640. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  bifurcata.     Morison,  PI.  Hist.  Oxon. 

8:  530.     1699. 
Piper  Indicum  bifurcata  siliqua.      Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Autum.  Ord.  1:  8. /.  2. 

1713. 
Piper  Indicum  maximum  rotundum  erectum.     Hort.  Eyst.   1.  Autum. 

Ord.  1:  11.  f.l.     1713. 
Capsicum  Af  ricanum ;  f  ructu  pyramidale  rugosissimo  plerumque  erecto. 

Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1731  [no.  5]. 

t  Burpee,  Cat.  1883.—  Golden  Upright  Sw.eet  Mango.  Senary,  Cat. 
1893-4.—  Yellov)  Nocre.  Benary,  Cat.  1893-4. 


A   REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  87 

and  becoming  deeper  toward  apex,  usually  1-2  obscure 
sinuses  between  larger  ones,  subrugose,  3-4  celled;  flesh 
firm  and  sweet;  seeds  slightly  acrid.  The  fruit  has  a 
tendency  to  elongate,  becoming  subconical,  often  nippled 
at  the  apex  and  sometimes  obscurely  furrowed.  Intro- 
duced 1887.— Plate  22,  f.  2. 

.H.  ++  ++  Fruit  pendent,  very  oblate. 

SQUASH.*  Plant  1-2  ft.  high  with  few  stout,  quite  erect 
branches.  Peduncles  1-1-J-  in.  long,  stout,  much  enlarged 
toward  calyx  end.  Fruit  truncate,  very  oblate,  1-2  in. 
long,  2-3  in.  diam.,  usually  with  three  or  more  deep  fur- 
rows extending  from  base  to  or  near  the  apex  and  numer- 
ous obscure  ones  about  half  as  long,  2-3  celled ;  flesh  firm, 
|— i  in.  thick,  rather  insipid,  slightly  pungent,  often  with 
a  trace  of  tomato  flavor.  This  is  a  very  late  variety  and 
not  an  abundant  bearer.  The  fruit  is  excellent  for 
mangoes. —  Plate  24,  and  plate  25,  f.  1. 


*  Burr,  Field  &  Gard.  624.  1863.— Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr,  Col.  31 1 
41.  1887. — Red  Tomato  Capsicum  or  American  Bonnet  Pepper.  Vilmorin- 
And.  Veg.  Gard.  154.  1886  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson] .—  Squash  or  Tomato- 
Shaped.  Hend.  Gard.  for  Profit  265.  1886  [3d  ed.].—  Red  Tomato. 
Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31:  41.  1887.—  New  Dwarf  Early  Red 
Squash.  Burpee,  Cat.  1893. —  French,  Piment  tomate,  Piment  tomate  nain 
hatif. —  German,  LiebesapfelfrUchtiger  rother  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  tetragonum  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1771  [no.  8.  ed.  6]. —  Linn.  Syst. 

4:561.     1819  [ed.  Rom.    et  Schult.].— Link,  Enum.  PI.  Hort.  Reg. 

Berol.   1:190.     1821.— Fingerh.   Monogr.    Gen.    Capsici  30.  t.  10. 

f.  d.     1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:446.     1838.— Miquel,  Fl.  Ned. 

Ind.  2:658.     1856. 

Capsicum  annuum  tetragonum  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.     1797  [ed.  Martyn], 
Capsicum  cydoniaeforme  Hort.  Linn.  Syst.  4 :  661.     1819   [ed.   Ro'm.   et 

Schult.]. 

Capsicum  tomatiforme  Fingerh.  in  Steud.  Nom.  279.     1840  [2d  ed.]. 
Capsicum  dulce  Hort.     Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  428.     1852. 
Capsicum   grossum   lycopersicoides  Vilmorin-And.  Fl.  Pleine  Terre  884. 

1870  [3ded.]. 
Piper  Indicum  fructu  dependente  Pomi  amoris  forma.   Bauhin.   Pinax 

102.     1623.—  Raius,  Hist.  PL  1 :  678.     1686. 
Solanum  mordens  seu  Capsicum  latifolium  mali  Aethiopici,  etc.   Pluken- 

etius,  Phyto.  l.t.227.f.l.     1692. 


88  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

YELLOW  SQUASH.*  Identical  with  the  preceding  ex- 
cept that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

a  a  a  Fruit  subconical,  ovate  or  elliptical,  slightly  longer  than  broad, 
i-2  in.  long;  calyx  not  embracing  base. 

C.  annuum  abbreviatum  Fingerh. 

Capsicum  annuum  abbreviatum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  14.  t.  2.  f.  1. 

Plants  suffrutescent,  1-2  ft.  high.  Branches  numer- 
ous, erect  or  in  some  varieties  loosely  spreading,  deep 
green,  smooth,  slender,  distinctly  angled,  sometimes  sul- 
cate.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  2-4  in.  long,  l-J-2^  in.  wide, 
minutely  ciliate,  usually  deep  green  above,  much  paler 
below,  extending  slightly  into  the  petiole,  often  puffed, 
sometimes  smooth  and  glossy.  Peduncles  1-1^- in.  long, 
about  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  fruit,  rarely  in  twos, 
medium  slender,  straight  or  curved  in  different  varieties, 
smooth,  or  on  younger  specimens  subhairy.  Calyx  seated 
on  the  base  of  the  fruit.  Corolla  medium,  spreading 
about  I  in.,  dingy  white.  Fruit  J-2  in.  long,  varying 
much  with  different  varieties,  in  general  ovate,  usually 
more  or  less  rugose  except  in  the  Etna  variety,  some- 
times turbinate,  red  or  yellow  when  ripe,  often  variously 
blotched  with  brown  or  light  yellow  before  ripening. 

Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  latifolium  Mali  Aethiopici  fructu  magno- 

striato.     Morison,  Hist.  PI.  Oxon.  8:  529.     1699. 
Capsicum  seu  Piper  Indicum  Pomi  amoris  forma.    Morison,  Hist.  PI. 

Oxon.  3:529.     1699. 
Capsicum  fructu  rotundo,  maximo.    Tournef.  153.     1700. —  Tillus,  Pisa. 

30.     1723. 
Piper  Indicum  rotundum  maximum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Autum.  Ord.  1:  10. /. 

1.     1713. 
Capsicum ;  latifolium ;  Mali  Aethiopici  etc.     Boerhaave,  Index  PL  Lugd.- 

Bat.  2:69.     1727. 
Solanum  seu  Piper  Indicum  maximum.    Weinmann.  Phyt.  4:  349.  t.  928. 

f.  d.     1745. 

*  Burr,  Field  &  Gard.  Veg.  626.  1863.— French,  Piment  tomatejaune.— 
German,  Liebesapfelfriichtiger  gelber  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum    grossum    lycopersicoides     luteum    Hort.    Vilmorin-And.    Fl. 
Pleine  Terre  884.     1870  [3d  ed.]. 


A    REVISION   OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  89 

*  Fruit  erect. 
•»-  Light  yellow  or  straw-color  before  ripening. 

CELESTIAL.*  Plants  very  erect,  about  1-J  ft.  high, 
conical  in  form,  rather  compact,  moderately  branchy. 
Leaves  rather  lighter  green  and  smaller  than  in  other  vari- 
eties of  this  group  ;  petioles  slender.  Peduncles  1-1J  in. 
long,  straight,  slender,  stout,  scarcely  enlarging  toward  the 
calyx  end.  Fruit  erect,  1^-2^  in.  long,  1-1-J-  in.  diam., 
ovate,  subconical,  or  subpyramidal,  rarely  much  elongated, 
smooth,  or  obscurely  wrinkled ;  apex  acute,  rounded,  or 
sometimes  obscurely  lobed ;  base  flat,  usually  not  entirely 
covered  by  the  calyx  ;  unripe  of  a  greenish  yellow  or  dingy 
white  often  with  numerous  purplish  brown  spots,  later  be- 
coming more  yellow  or  straw  color,  finally  a  bright  red, 
2-3  celled  ;  flesh  moderately  firm,  -^—^  in.  thick,  extremely 
pungent.  Introduced  about  1887,  having  been  brought 
from  China  some  years  before. 

The  fruit  begins  setting  early,  lasting  nearly  all  sum- 
mer. The  lower  ones  ripening  one  or  two  weeks  earlier 
than  the  others  and  borne,  as  most  of  them  are,  in  large 
numbers  beyond  the  leaves,  the  various  colors  on  the  same 
plant  present  an  unusually  novel  appearance,  making  it 
especially  desirable  as  a  pot  plant. — Plate  25,  f.  2  and  plate 
26,  f.  1. 

•*-  •«-  Neither  light  yellow,  nor  straw-color. 

ETNA.!  Plants  about  1^  ft.  high.  Branches  numer- 
ous, quite  diffusely  spreading.  Leaves  medium, 


*  Thorburn,   Cat.    1888.—  Childs1    Improved  Celestial.     Childs,   Cat. 
1894.—  French,  Piment  chinois. 

Capsicum  leucocarpum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  181:  429.     1862. 
Capsicum;  Americanum,    latifolium,  fructu  oblongo,   erecto,    candido. 
Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1731  [no.  17].—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  32.     1832. 

f  Eed  Etna.    Burpee,  Cat.  1893. 

Piper  oblongum  erectum  majus    pyramidale.     Greg,    de  Reg.  in  Clus. 

Cur.  Post.  97-98.  /.  2.     1611.— Eaius,  Hist.  PL  1:  677.     1686. 
Piper  erectum  minus  pyramidale.    Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post. 

97-98.  /.  5.     1611.—  Raius,  Hist.  PL  1 :  677.     1686. 


90  MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

in.  long,  1-1 J  in.  wide.  Fruit  1-2  in.  long,  f-lf  in. 
diam.,  at  first  ovate  or  subconical,  often  becoming  sub- 
truncate  and  obscurely  2,  3,  or  rarely  4  lobed  with  the 
same  number  of  shallow  furrows,  dark  red;  flesh  about 
•fa  in.  thick,  slightly  pungent.  Only  moderately  produc- 
tive. Introduced  in  1890.—  Plate  27,  f .  2. 

*  *  Fruit  pendent, 
•i-  Changing  from  green  to  light  yellow  or  straw -color  before  ripening. 

KALEIDOSCOPE.*  Plants  vigorous,  about  2  ft.  high, 
spreading  2^-3  ft.  Branches  long,  slender,  loosely  spread- 
ing. Leaves  medium  large  for  the  group,  often  smooth, 
glossy,  and  thick ;  petioles  sometimes  longer  than  the  blade. 
Peduncles  slender,  obscurely  canaliculate,  curved.  Fruit 
nodding  or  pendent,  1-1-J-  in.  long,  ^-1  in.  diam.,  oval  or 
elliptical,  abruptly  narrowing  toward  both  ends,  usually 
mucronate,  often  with  a  rigid  bristly  projection  at  the  apex, 
subrugose,  numerous  shallow  furrows  extending  a  part  or 
the  entire  length,  changing  in  color  from  green  to  yellow- 
ish green,  and  yellowish  red,  finally  a  bright  red;  flesh 
about  %  in.  thick,  moderately  firm,  mild.  Introduced  1890. 
Valuable  mainly  as  an  ornamental. —  Plate  25,  f .  3,  and 
plate  26,  f .  2. 

Capsicum  erectum  pyramidale  majus.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  356.  /. 

1640. 
Capsicum  erectum  pyramidale  minus.      Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357.  /. 

1640. 

*  Childs,  Cat.  1891.— German,  Kaleidoscop. 

Piper    Indicum    fructu   aculeato.    Bauhin.     Pinax  102.    1623.— Eaius, 

Hist.  PI.  1 :  678.     1686. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  fructu  aculeato  majus.    Morison,  Hist.  PI. 

Oxon.  8:  629.     1699. 
Solanum  urens  fructu  aculeato.    Morison,  Hist.  PI.  Oxon.  Sect.  13.  t.  2. 

/.  16.     1699. 
Capsicum  fructu  aculeato,  minori.    Tournef.  Inst.  153.     1700.— Tillus. 

Cat.  PI.  Pisa.  30.     1723. 

Capsicum  fructu  aculeato,  majori.    Tournef.  1.  c. 
Piper  Indicum  rotuudum  aculeatum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Aut.  Ord.  1 :  12  /.  1 . 

1713. 
Piper  Indicum  orbiculatum  medium.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  c.  /.  2. 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  91 

+-  -H-  Not  changing  from  green  to  light  yellow, 
•n-  Usually  more  or  less  turbinate. 

RED  WRINKLED.*  Plants  1-2  ft.  high,  often  spreading 
2—3  ft.  Branches  often  purple  striate.  Leaves  2-3^  in. 
long,  1^—2  in.  wide;  petioles  1— 1-J-  in.  long.  Peduncles 
curved,  usually  -J—1  in.  long,  slender,  slightly  enlarged 
toward  calyx  end.  Corolla  greenish  white,  spreading  -J-^ 
in.  Fruit  very  rugose,  about  1  in.  long,  f-|-  in.  diam., 
pendent  or  nodding,  usually  turbinate,  with  projecting 
nipples,  bright  red  when  ripe. —  Plate  27,  f.  3. 

YELLOW  WRINKLED.!  Identical  with  the  preceding 
except  that  the  fruit  is  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

•»-»•  -M.  Not  usually  turbinate. 

PRINCESS  or  WALES 4 —  Plants  1-1^  ft.  high,  quite  erect, 
branches  numerous,  slender,  stiff,  puberulent,  scarcely 
more  hairy  at  the  nodes,  leaves  often  puffed  or  wrinkled, 
2-3^-  in.  long,  1-J— 2  in.  wide,  pubescent  on  veins  below, 
ciliate ;  petioles  medium  short.  Peduncles  usually  curved, 
slender,  smooth.  Corolla  greenish  white,  usually  spread- 
ing about  J-  in.  Fruit  conical  to  ovate- elliptical,  1-lf  in. 
long,  ^-1  in.  diam.,  more  or  less  sulcate,  rarely  turbinate, 
at  first  dark  green,  becoming  blotched  with  purple,  finally 

*  Thorburn' s  Fancy  Red  Wrinkled.  Thorburn,  Cat.  1892 — German, 
Runtliger  rother  Pfeffer. 

Capaicum  umbilicatum  Veil.  Fl.  Flum.  Repr.  in  Rio  de  Jan.  Arch.  Mus. 
Nac.  5:  60.  1881.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  428.  1852.— Sturt. 
Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club  16:  108.  1888. 

t  Thorburn,  Cat.  1892.—  German,  Runeliger  gelber  Pfeffer. 
%  Williams,  Cat.  1878. 

Capsicum  luteum  Lam.  Enc.  Meth.  2:  26.  1793  [no.  2392]. —  Poiret, 
Enc.  Meth.  6:  327.  1804.— Linn.  Syst.  4:  462.  1819  [ed.  Rom.  et 
Schult.].— Fingerh.  Monogr.  26.  t.  8.f.  c.  1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich. 
PI.  £ :  445.  1838.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1 :  425.  1862. 

Piper  siliquaflava.  Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  102.  /.  12.  1611.— 
Raius,  Hist.  PL  1 :  678.  1686. 

Solarium  mordens  seu  Capsicum  fructu  flavescente.  Weinmann.  349.  t. 
930.  f.  a.  1745. 


92  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

a  lemon  yellow,  usually  4-celled,  extremely  pungent.  An 
ornamental  English  variety  which  originated  about  1876 
and  is  said  to  be  the  result  of  a  cross  between  Prince  of 
Wales  and  Yellow  Gem,  possessing  the  habit  of  the  former 
and  fruit  of  the  latter.  Not  very  generally  catalogued  by 
American  seedsmen. 

aaaa  Fruit  generally  smooth,  oval,  spherical,  cherry  or  heart  shaped, 
|-li  in.  in  diameter;  calyx  seated  on  the  base. 

C.  annuum  cerasiforme  (Miller). 

Capsicum  Olivaeforme  Miller,  Gard.Dict.     1771  [no.  6.  ed.  6]. 
Capsicum  ovatum  DC.  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.  86.     1813.— Poiret,  Enc.  Meth. 

Suppl.  4:   414.     1816.— Linn.    Syst.    4:   661.     1819    [ed.   Bo'm.  et 

Schult.].— Fingerh.  Monogr.  28.  t.  9.f.  b.     1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich. 

PI.  4:  445.     1838.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  426.     1852. 
Capsicum  oxycarpum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  426.     1852. 
Piper  cum  siliqua  olivaria.   Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus,  Cur.  Post.  99-100.  /.  6. 

1611 .—  Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  58.     1662.—  Baius,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  1 : 

677.     1686. 
Piper  Indicum  propendentibus  siliquis  rotundis,  diff.  3.  eiliqua  olivari. 

Bauhin.  Pinax  102.     1623. 
Capsicum  siliqua  Olivaria  propendens.   Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  367.  /.  10. 

1640.— Morison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  8:  629.     1640. 

Capsicum  siliqua  Olivaria  erecta.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357.     1640. 
Solanum  urens  siliqua  propendente,  etc.  M  orison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  Sect. 

13.  t.  2.  f.  12.     1699. 
Capsicum  sive    Piper  Indicum  perenne   siliqua  Olivae  magnitudine  & 

forma.    Morison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  8:  630.     1699. 
Capsicum  siliqua  Olivae  forma.    Tournef.  Inst.  153.     1700. 
Capsicum;  fructu  Olivario  erecto.    Miller,  Card.  Diet.     1731  [no.  13]. 

Plants  suffrutescent,  1-2  ft.  high,  spreading  2-2-J-  ft., 
with  rather  dense  foliage.  Branches  numerous,  quite  uni- 
formly 4-angled,  green  or  purplish  striate,  purple  and  much 
enlarged  at  nodes.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong  acuminate,  1^— 
3J-  in.  long,  ^-1^  in.  wide,  flat,  usually  slightly  wrinkled, 
margins  usually  subciliate  ;  petioles  medium  slender,  -J-l  in. 
long.  Peduncles  curved  or  straight  on  different  plants  or 
often  on  the  same  plant,  f-Jin.long,  stout,  much  enlarged 
toward  calyx  end,  solitary,  sometimes  in  twos.  Calyx 
somewhat  wrinkled,  seated  on  base  of  fruit.  Corolla  large, 
dingy  white,  spreading  f-l^  in.  Fruit  spherical,  subcordate, 


A   REVISION   OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  93 

oblate,  or  occasionally  obscurely  pointed  or  slightly  elon- 
gated, erect,  spreading,  or  pendent,  -J-l  in.  diam.,  smooth 
or  very  rarely  minutely  rugose  or  sulcate,  when  unripe  often 
more  or  less  blotched  with  purple  on  side  next  the  sun ; 
flesh  firm,  -iV~l  m-  thick,  extremely  pungent. 

*  Fruit  |-i  in.  in  diameter,  oval  or  lemon-shaped. 

LITTLE  GEM.*  Plant  about  1-J-ft.  high.  Leaves  medium 
small,  larger  ones  2  in.  long  by  1  in.  wide;  petioles  rather 
short.  Peduncles  straight  or  slightly  curved.  Corolla 
obscurely  greenish  white,  spreading  about  •§•  in.  Fruit 
globular,  ovate,  or  elliptical,  about  f  in.  diam.,  usually 
erect,  smooth,  red,  usually  3-celled,  extremely  pungent. 
Introduced  in  England  about  1881.  Not  generally  cata- 
logued by  American  seedsmen. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES. f  Plant  stout,  upright-spreading, 
12-15  in.  high.  Leaves  2-2^-  in.  long,  1-1-j-  in.  wide. 
Peduncles  curved,  long  and  slender.  Fruit  small,  about  -J 
in.  diam.,  lemon-shaped,  bright  yellow.  A  very  old 
and  prolific  variety  formerly  much  cultivated  in  Europe  as 
an  ornamental  plant. 

*  *  Fruit  i-1  in.  in  diameter,  generally  cherry-shaped. 

CHERRY.  :f  Plant  2-2^  ft.  high,  quite  woody  and  very 
branchy.  Fruit  ^-1  in.  diam.  quite  uniformly  spherical  or 
cherry-shaped,  smooth,  sometimes  obscurely  furrowed; 
flesh  firm,  about  -J-  in.  thick,  extremely  pungent,  dark  red. 


*  Floral  Magazine  pi.  479.  1881. —  Williams'  Little  Gem.  Williams, 
Cat.  1882.—  Miniature  Tom  Thumb,  Batchelor,  seed,  1887.— Cr«oZe  or 
Bird's  Eye.  Thorburn,  Cat.  1893. 

f  Veitch,  Cat.  1872.—  German,  Prim  von  Wales  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  flava  ovali.  Morison,  Hist.  PL  8: 
630.     1699. 

J  Burr,  Field  and  Gard.  Veg.  620.  1863.—  Vilmorin-And.  Veg.  Gard. 
152.  1885  [Eng.  ed.  Robinson]. —  Round  or  Large  Cherry -Pepper.  Burr, 
1.  c.  624.—  Cranberry.  Hend.  Gard  for  Profit  265.  1886.—  Bailey,  Bull, 
Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31:  37.  1887.—  Bed  French,.  Bailey,!,  c.  38.  Piment 


94  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

Although  a  well-fixed  variety,  elongated  and  very  oblate 
forms  of  the  fruit  occasionally  appear,  especially  from  seed 
received  under  the  name  Cranberry. —  Plate  28,  f.  2  and  4. 


airelle  rouge.  Vilmorin-And.  Cat.  1891. —  French,  Piment  cerise. —  German, 
Kirschformiger  rother  Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  cerasiforme  Miller,  Card.  Diet.     1771  [no.  5.  ed.  6]. — Lam.  Enc. 

Meth.  2:26.      1793  [no.  2391].— Linn.  Sp.   PL  1:1051.      1797  [ed. 

Willd.].—  Poiret,  Enc.  Meth.  5:325.     1804.—  Persoon,  Syn.  PL  1: 

230.    1805.—  Aiton,  Hort.  Kew.  1 :  406.    1810.—  Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn. 

1:223.     1813.— Linn.  Syst.  4:563.     1819  [ed.   Rom.  et  Schult.].— 

Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 :  190.     1821.— Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  1 ; 

574.     1832.—  Fingerh.  Monogr.  19.  t.  5.f.  b.  1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich. 

PL  4:  446.   1838.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  181:  422.     1852.— Miquel,  Fl 

Ned.  Ind.  2:  660.     1856. 

Capsicum  annuum  /?  Aiton,  Hort.  Kew.  1 :  253.     1789. 
Capsicum  annuum  Miller,  Card.  Diet.     1797  [ed.  Martyn].     (In  part.) 
Capsicum  sphaericum  Willd.   Enum.  Hort.  Berol.  1:241.     1809. —  Linn. 

Syst.  4:661.     1819  [ed.   Rom.  et  Schult.].— Hornem.  Hort.    Hafn. 

Suppl.  27.    1819.— Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 :  190.  1821.— 

Fingerh.  Monogr.  28.  t.  9.f.  a.     1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  445. 

1838.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  427.     1852. 
Capsicum  Milleri     Linn.  Syst.    4:563.     1819  [ed.    R6'm.  et  Schult.].— 

Fingerh.  Monogr.  20.     1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  445.     1838.— 

Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  422.     1852. 
Capsicum    cerasiflorum    Link,    Enum.    PL   Hort.    Reg.    Berol.    1:   190. 

1821. 
Capsicum  cerasiforme  minus  Fingerh.  Monogr.  20.   1832. — Dunal  in  DC. 

Prodr.  131:  422.     1852. 

Capsicum  cerasiforme  maurocarpum  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  cerasiforme  cerasiflorum  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  grossum  cerasiformis  Hooker,  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  4:  239.     1885. 
Siliquastrum  variatas  rotundum.     Gamer.  PL  Epit.  348.  /.*     1586. 
Capsicum  siliquis  rotundis  cerasi  forma.     Bauhin.  Phytopinax  156.     1596. 
Piper  cum  siliqua  rotunda  cerasorum  modo.     Greg,  de    Reg.  in  Clus. 

Cur.  Post.  99-100. /.  7.     1611.—  Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  66.     1662.— 

Raius,  Hist.  PL  1 :  677.     1686. 
Piper  Indicu  siliquis  surrectis  rotundis.  diff.  2.  Rotundum  minus  parum 

acuminatum.     Bauhin.  Pinax  103.     1623. 

Piper   Indicum   propendentibus  siliquis  rotundis.   diff.  4.     Siliqua  ro- 
tunda.    Cerasorum  modo.     Bauhin.    Pinax  102.     1623. 
Piper  Indicum    siliquis  surrectis  cerasi  forma.    Bauhin.   Pinax    103. 

1623.— Raius,  Hist.  678.     1686. 

Capsicum  rotundioribus  siliquis.     Gerarde,  Herball  364-365. /.  7.     1636. 
Capsicum  siliqua  rotunda  Cerasorum.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  357-368. 

/.  11.     1640. 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  95 

YELLOW  CHERRY.!  Identical  with  the  preceding  except 
that  the  fruit  is  of  a  yellow  color.  Not  universally  cata- 
logued by  seedsmen. —  Plate  28,  f.  2. 


Piper  rotundum  majus  surrectum.     Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  56.     1662. 
Capsicum  arborescens,  fructu  cerasino.     Hunting,  Waare  Oeffen.  PI.  342. 

1682. 
Capsicum  frutescens,    fructu  cerasino.      Hunting,    Warre   Oeffen.  PI. 

341.     1682. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis  Cerasi  forma.     Hagnol,  Hurt.  Reg.  Honsp. 

42.     1697. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  propendentibus   siliquis  rotundis.     Hor- 

ison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  8:  629.     1699. 
Capsicum   sive  Piper   Indicum  siliquis  Cerasi  forma.    Horison,  Hist. 

PI.  Oxon.  3 :  530.     1699. 

Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  rotunda  Cerasorum  forma.    Hor- 
ison, Hist.  PL  Oxon.  8:  529.     1690. 
Solanum  urens  siliqua  propendente  rotunda,  etc.    Horison,  1.  c.    Sect. 

13.  t.  2.f.  14. 

Solanum   Capsicum    dictum,   propendentibus   siliquis  rotundis.     Her- 
mann. Hort.  Acad.  Lugd.-Bat.  576.     1687. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis,  Cerasi  forma.    Tournef .  Inst.  158.     1700.— 

Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.  Pisa.  80.     1723. 
Capsicum  siliqua  propendente,  Cerasi  forma.  Tournef.  Inst.  163.    1700.— 

Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.  Pisa.  20.     1723. 
Capsicum   siliquis  surrectis,   rotundis.     Tournef.    153.     1700. — Hiller, 

Gard.  Diet.     1771  [6th  ed.]. 
Capsicum  siliquis  surrectis,  rotundis,  parum  acuminatis.    Tournef.  Inst. 

153.    1700. 
Capsicum  fructu    rotundo,    maximo.    Tournef.    Inst.    163.     1700.     (In 

part.).— Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.  Pisa.   30.     1723.— Hiller,  Gard.  Diet. 

1771  [6th  ed.]. 
Capsicum;    Americanum,  fructu     rotundo,  Cerasorum    forma.    Hiller, 

Gard.  Diet.     1731  [no.  16]. 
Capsicum;  fructu  rotundo,  majore,  nuiic  erecto,  nunc  nutante    rubro. 

Hiller,  Gard.  Diet.     1731  [no.  10]. 
Solanum  Capsicum  fructu  erecto  rubro  rotundo.    Weinmann.  Phyt.  349. 

t.929.f.a.    1745. 
Solanum  mordens  fructu  rotundo.    Weinmann.  Phyt.  349.  t.  928.  /.  /. 

1745. 

t  Yellow  Fruited  Cherry  Pepper.—  Burr,  Field  and  Gard.  Veg.  621. 
1863. —  French,   Fiment    cerise  jaune. —  German,    Kirschformiger   gelber 

Pfeffer. 

Capsicum  cerasiforme  luteum  Hort.    Vilmorin-And.  Fl.  Pleine  Terre  885. 

1870  [3ded.]. 


96  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

*  *  *  Fruit  1-li  in.  in  diameter,  usually  heart-shaped. 
OXHEART.*    Plant  1-2^  ft.  high.    Branches  few,  stout, 
quite  erect.     Fruit  usually  heart-shaped,  sometimes  oblate, 

*  Bailey,  Bull.  Mich.  Agr.  Col.  31 :  38.     1887. 

Capsicum  cordiforme  Miller,  Card.  Diet.  1771  [no.  2.  Cth  ed.].— Linn. 

Syst.    4:    561.     1819   [ed.   Rom.   et    Schult.]. —  Fingerh.    Monogr. 

29.  t.  9.  /.  c.     1832.— Don,    Hist.  Dich.  PL  4:  445.     1838.  — Dunal 

in  DC.  Prodr.  131 :  427.     1852.— Miquel,  FL  Ned.  Ind.  2 :  G58.     1856.— 

Reichenb.    Ic.  Fl.  Germ.  20.  pl.lS.f.  3.    1862.— Miquel,  Mus.  Lugd.- 

Bat.3:  117.     1867. 

Capsicum  cordiforme  ma  jus  Fingerh.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  cordiforme  minus  Fingerh.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  cordiforme  subangulosum  Fingerh.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  cordiforme  olivaeforme  Fingerh.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  annuum  cordiforme  Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10:  148.     1846. 
Capsicum  cordiforme  cerasicarpum. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Siliquastrum  Cordatum.     Camer.  PL  Epit.  348. /.  t.     1586. 
Capsicum  siliquis  latis  cordatis.    Bauhin.  Phytopinax  156.     1596. 
Piperis  indici  varitas.     Matth.  Opera  434.  /.     1598. 
Piper  cordatum.    Greg,  de  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  99.  /.  5.    1611.— 

Rains,  Hist.  PL  1 :  677.     1686. 
Piper  Indicu  siliquis  surrectis  rotundis.  diff.  3.  cordatu  majus,  diff.  4. 

cordat.  min.  angulosu.    Bauhin.  Pinax  103.     1623. 
Piper  Indicuin  propendentibus  siliquis  rotundis.  diff.  2.  siliqua  cordata. 

Bauhin.  Pinax  102.     1623. 
Capsicum  cordatum  erectum  majus,  ditto,  minus.  Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot. 

357.    1640. 
Capsicum   cordatum   propendens.    Parkinson,    Theat.  Bot.    357.  /.  9. 

1640.— Sloane,  Hist.  Jam.  114.     1696. 

Figure  without  name.     Hernandez,  Novae  Hist.  Romae.  136.     1651. 
Piper  cordatum.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog.  t.  66.     1662. 
Piper  Cordatum  surrectum  majus,  ditto,  minus.    Jonstonus,  Dendrog. 

t.  56.     1662. 
Piper  rotundum  majus  surrectum.    Raius,  Hist.  PI.  1 :  677.     1686.     (In 

part,) 
Capsicum  cordatum  siliqua  surrecta.    Magnol,  Hort.  Reg.  Monsp.  42. 

1697. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Indicum  cordatum,  majus  &  minus.    Morison,  Hist. 

PL  8:530.     1699. 
Capsicum  seu  Piper  Indicum  siliqua  cordata.    Morison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon. 

3:  529.     1699. 

Solanum  urens  fructu  cordato.    Morison,  1.  c.  Sect.  13.  t.  2.  f.  12. 
Capsicum  siliqua  propendente,  rotunda  &  cordiformi.  Tournef.  Inst.  163. 

1700.— Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.  Pisa.  30.    1723.— Miller,   Card.  Diet. 

1771  [6th  ed.]. 


A   REVISION   OP   THE   GENUS    CAPSICUM.  97 

spherical,  or  subconical,  1-1 -J-  in.  diam.,  very  smooth, 
glossy,  rarely  obscurely  wrinkled  or  furrowed;  flesh  about 
-J-  in.  thick,  dark  red,  very  pungent. 

YELLOW  OXHEART.*  A  yellow  form  of  the  Oxheart 
variety  has  been  known,  but  now  seems  to  have  dropped 
out  of  cultivation. 

A  A  Shrubby,  perennial. 

a  Fruit  oblong,  acuminate,  usually  embraced  by  calyx. 
O.  FRTJTESCENS  L. 

Capsicum  frutescena  Linn.  Hort.  Cliff.  60.  1737;  Sp.  PI.  189.  1753;  271, 
1762  [ed.  2],  (in  part).—  Gouan,  Hort.  Monsp.  111.  1762.—  Miller, 
Gard.  Diet.  1771  [ed.  6.  no.  9].— Aublet,  Hist.  PI.  Guiane  1:  219. 
1775.— Linn.  Syst.  14:227.  1784  [ed.  14.  Murray] .— Aiton,  Hort. 
Kew.  1:254.  1789.— Loureiro,  Fl.  Cochin.  1:128.  1790;  1:  158. 
1793  [ed.  Willd.].—  Lam.  Enc.  Meth.  2:26.  1793  [no.  2395].— 
Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1:  1051.  1797  [ed.  Willd.].—  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1797 
[ed.  Martyn].— Poiret,  Enc.  Meth.  5:  326.  1804.—  Persoon,  Syn.  PI. 
1:230.  1805.— Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1:  224.  1813.— Kunth,  Nov. 
Gen.  Sp.  PI.  8:48.  1818.— Linn.  Syst.  4:563.  1819  [ed.  Rom.  et 
Schult.].—  Link,  Enum.  PI.  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 :  190.  1821.—  Moon, 
Cat.  Brit.  Ind.  16.  1824.— Fingerh.  Monogr.  17.  t.  4.f.c.  1832.— 
Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  1 :  574.  1832. —  Nees  von  Esenb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
17:  63.  1837.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.  1838.—  Sendt.  In  Mar. 

Capsicum  siliqua  propendente,  oblonga  &  cordiformi.    Tournef.   Inst. 

153.     1700.— Tillus,  Cat.  PL  Hort.  Pisa.  30.    1723. 

Piper  Indicum  cordatum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  Autum.  Ord.  1 :  13.  /.  2.    1718. 
Piper  Indicum  cordatum  oblongum.    Hort.  Eyst.  1.  c. /.  1. 
Capsicum;  fructu  Cordiformi,  plerumque  nutante  rubxo.    Miller,  Gard. 

Diet.  1731  [no.  7]. 
Solanum  mordens  fructu  erecto  cordiformi  rubro.    Weinmann.   Phyt. 

349.  t.  929.  f.  c.     1745. 
Capsicum  fructu  cordiformi  erecto.    Haller,  Hort.  Gott.  216.    1753. 

*  Capsicum  cordiformc  globosum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  30.  1. 10.  f.  c.  1832. — 

Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1 :  427.     1852. 
Capsicum  strictum  Fingerh.  Monogr.  21.  t.  S.f.  a.     1832. —  Dunal  in  DC. 

Prodr.  131 :  422.     1852. 
Capsicum;   fructu  Cordiformi,  nunc  erecto,  nunc  nutante  flavo.     Miller, 

Gard.  Diet.     1731  [no.  12]. 
Solanum  mordens,  fructu  erecto  cordiformi,  luteo.    Weinmann.  Phyt. 

349.  t.  929.  f.  b.     1745. 
Capsicum  fructu  cordiformi  minori  luteo.    Browne,  Hist.  Jam.  176.   1756. 


98  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 

tins,   Fl.    Bras.    10:  H2.     1846 — Hooker,  Niger  Fl.  162.     1849.— 

Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  413.     1852.—  Miquel,  Fl.  Ned.  Ind.  2:  660. 

1856.— Grisebach,  Fl.  Ind.  436.     1864.— Hemsley,  Biol.  Cent.-Am. 

2:423.     1881-82.— Hooker,  Fl.  Brit.  Ind.  4:  239.  1885.— Gray,  Syn. 

Fl.  2:  231.     1888.— Chapman,  So.  Fl.  323.     1896. 
Capsicum  minimum  Miller,  Gard.  Diet.    1771  [no.  10.  ed.  6]. — Moon,  Cat. 

PI.  Cey.  16.     1824.— Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  1 :  574.     1832.—  Miquel,  Fl.  Ned. 

Ind.  2:  659.     1856.—  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  415.     1852. 
Capsicum   conicum  Lam.  Enc.  Meth.  2.     1793  [no.  2890].  — Poiret,  Bnc. 

Meth.  5:327.     1804. 
Capsicum  Havanense  Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp.  PI.  3:  48.     1818. —  Don,  Hist. 

Dich.  PL  4:  446.     1838. 
Capsicum  Comarim  Veil.  Fl.  Flum.    Repr.  in  Rio  de    Jan.  Arch.  Mus. 

Nac.  5:  59.     1881. 

Capsicum  odoriferum  Veil.  1.  c.  60. —  Fide  Index  Kewensis. 
Capsicum  toxicarium  Po'ppig. —  Fingerh.  Monogr.  32.     1832. — Fide  Index 

Kewensis. 
Capsicum  frutescens  minus    Fingerh.  Monogr.  17.     1832.  —  Dunal  in  DO. 

Prodr.  IS1:  413.    1852. 
Capsicum  fastigiatum   (Blume).   Nees  von  Esenb.  Trans.    Linn.    Soc. 

17:  64.  1832.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.  1838.  — Wight,  Illust. 

Ind.   Bot.  2:  198.    I860.— Dunal  in  DC.   Prodr.  IS1:   416.    1862.— 

Miquel,  Fl.  Ned.  Ind.  2:  659.     1856. 
Capsicum  cereolum  Bertol.  Hort.  Bonon.  PI.  Nov.  1 :  6.  t.  2.     1838. — Fide 

Index  Kewensis. 

Capsicum  odoratum  Steud.  Nona.  1 :  279.     1840. —  Fide  Index  Kewensis. 
Capsicum  Jlexuosum  Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10:  143.     1846. —  Dunal 

in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  413.     1862. 

Capsicum  Abyssinicum  A.  Rich.  Fl.  Abyss.  2:  96.     1851. 
Capticum  chlorocladum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  416.     1862.— Hemsley, 

Biol.  Cent.-Am.  2:  423.     1881-82. 

Capsicum  crispum  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  131:  416.     1862. 
Capsicum  fructescena  multilobatum  Dunal,  1.  c.  413. 
Capsicum  Jlexuosum  Perrottetii  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  crispum  Piper  rabiosum  Dunal,  1.  c.  416. 
Capsicum  annuum  frutescens  Kuntze,  Revis.  Gen.  Plant.  449.     1891. 
Capo-Malago.    Rheede,  Hort.  Malab.  2:  109.  t.  56.     1679. 
Capsicum    sive    Piper  Indicum  siliqua  longa  gracile  Corallii  coloris. 

Morison,  Hist.  PI.  Oxon.  8:  529.     1699. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper  Barbadiense  Iructu  Berberidis  acerrimo.     Morison, 

Hist.  PI.  Oxon.  8:  630.     1699. 
Spur- Pepper.  Hughes,  Hist.  Barb.  213.     1750.—  Fide  Maycock,  Fl.  Barb. 

104.     1830. 

Plants  shrubby,  perennial,  2^-6  ft.  high.  Branches 
angular,  often  channeled,  puberulent,  or  pubescent, 
especially  on  the  younger  portions,  usually  greatly  enlarged 


A   REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM.  99 

at  the  nodes,  green,  or  sometimes  purplish  striate,  slightly 
purple  at  the  nodes.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  acuminate,  3-6 
in.  long,  2-3^-  in.  wide,  usually  puffed  or  wrinkled,  more 
or  less  pubescent  especially  along  the  veins.  Petioles 
medium,  usually  subciliate.  Peduncles  slender,  1-2  in. 
long,  often  in  pairs,  usually  longer  than  the  fruit.  Calyx 
usually  cup-shaped  embracing  base  of  the  fruit,  teeth 
short.  Corolla  white  or  greenish-white,  spreading  f— J 
in.,  often  with  ocherous  markings  in  the  throat.  Fruit  red, 
ovate,  obtuse,  or  oblong  acuminate,  ^-1^-  in.  long,  -J-^-  in. 
diam. 

As  the  fruit  of  this  species  does  not  ripen  freely  except 
in  tropical  and  subtropical  latitudes  it  is  not  grown  com- 
mercially in  the  north.  However  a  number  of  cultivated 
varieties  from  Mexico  and  Brazil,*  which  evidently  belong  to 
this  species,  have  been  grown  by  Dr.  Sturtevant  at  Geneva, 
New  York,  and  by  the  writer  at  the  Missouri  Botanical 
Garden.  By  starting  them  early  in  the  season  with  the  aid 
of  artificial  heat  most  of  the  varieties  produced  some  ripe 
fruit.  The  plants  however  did  not  attain  the  size  and  vigor 
which  they  reach  in  their  native  habitat.  The  fruit  is 
often  called  "  bird  pepper." 

a  a  Fruit  ovate  or  subround,  usually  seated  on  the  calyx. 
C.  frutescens  baccatum  (L.).f 

Capsicum  baccatum  Linn.  Mant.  47.  1767. —  Aiton,  Hort.  Kew.  1: 
253.  1789.— Linn.  Syst.  226.  1784  [ed.  14  Murray].— Loureiro,  Fl. 
Cochin  1 :  127.  1790;  1 :  157.  1793  [ed.  Willd.].—  Lam.  Enc.  Meth. 


*  The  following  varieties  sent  from  Mexico  by  Dr.  Palmer  are  referred 
to  this  species:—  Chili  de  arvol,  Chili  pico  de  pijaro,  Chili  Piquin,  Chili 
Unque,  and  Mirasol,  together  with  the  following  sent  from  Brazil  by 
Prof.  O.  A.  Derby: — Pimentas  cemerim  grandc,  Pimentas  dido  de  dama, 
Pimentas  Malagueti,  and  Pimentas  pitanga. 

|  Supposed  wild  specimens  examined  from  Bolivia  (Bang,  no.  1126, 
1891);  Paraguay  (Morong,  no.  961,  1888-90);  Mexico  (Pringle,  1888) ; 
Texas  (Pammel,  1888 ;  Trelease,  1897). 

The  following  varieties  sent  from  Brazil  by  Prof.  Derby  are  referred 
to  this  group: — Pimentas  Mariana,  and  Pimentas  Cumary,  together  with 
one  from  Mexico  by  Dr.  Palmer,—  Chiltepin. 


100  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 

2:  26.     1793  [no.  2393].—  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1 :  1050.     1797  [ed.  Willd,].— 

Poiret,    Enc.    Meth.    6:325.     1804.— Persoon,     Syn.     PI.     1:229. 

1805.— Hornem.  Hort.  Hafn.  1:224.     1813.— Kunth,  Nov.  Gen.  Sp. 

PI.   8:  48.     1818.— Linn.  Syst.  4:  564.     1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].— 

Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 : 190.     1821.—  Fingerh.  Monogr. 

18.  t.  4.f.  a.     1832.—  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  447.     1838.—  Sendt.  in 

Martins,  Fl.  Bras.   10:146.  1846.— Dunal  in    DC.  Prodr.  181:420. 

1852.—  Miquel,  Fl.  Ned.  Iiid.  2:  660.     1856.—  Grisebach,  Fl.  British 

W.  Ind.  436.     1864.— Hemsley,  Biol.  Cent. -Am.  2:423.     1881-2.— 

Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  2 :  231.     1888. 

Capsicum  pulchellum  Salisb.  Prodr.  134.     1796.— Fide  Index  Kewensis. 
Capsicum  microcarpum  DC.  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.  86.  1813. —  Hooker,  Niger 

Flora  162.     1849.— Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.     1838.— Linn.  Sp. 

PL  4 :  566.     1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.] .—  Sendt.  in  Martins,  Fl.  Bras. 

10:146.      1846.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.    181:  420.     1862.— Fingerh. 

Monogr.  19.  t.  4.  f.  b.     1832. 
Capsicum  globiferum  Meyer,  Fl.  Esseq.  113.     1818. —  Linn.  Syst.  4:  808. 

1819  [ed.  Rom.  et  Schult.].— Fingerh.    Monogr.  19.     1832.— Don, 

Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  446.     1838.— Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  IS1:  421.     1862. 
Capsicum  micranthum  Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1 : 190.    1821.— 

Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4 :  447.     1838. 

Capsicum  ciliare  Link,  Enum.  PL  Hort.  Reg.  Berol.  1:  190.     1821. 
Capsicum    Cumanense   Fingerh.    Monogr.    17.     1832. —  Dunal    in    DC. 

Prodr.  IS1:  417.     1862. 

Capsicum  Willdenowii  Don,  Hist.  Dich.  PI.  4:  447.     1838. 
Capsicum  villosum  Sendt.  in  Martius,  Fl.  Bras.  10: 144.    1846. —  Dunal  in 

DC.  Prodr.  181 :  418.     1862. 

Capsicum  villosum  latifolium  Sendt.  1.  c.  146. —  Dunal,  1.  c.  419. 
Capsicum  villosum  muticum  Sendt.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  campylopodium  Sendt.  1.  c.  144. —  Dunal,  1.  c.  416. 
Capsicum  Schottianum  leptophyllum.    Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  mirabile  (Mart.)  Sendt.  1.  c.— Dunal,  1.  c.  417. 
Capsicum  mirabile  grandiflorum  Sendt.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  Schottianum  Sendt.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c.  416. 
Capsicum  Sabenti  Sendt.  1.  c.  145.— Dunal,  1.  c.  419. 
Capsicum parvifolium  Sendt.  1.  c. —  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  parvifolium  Sellowianum  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  hisptdum   Dunal)  1.   c. —  Hemsley,  Biol.   Cent.- Am,     2 :  423. 

1881-82 

Capsicum  hispidum  glabriuseulum  Dunal,  1.  c.  420. 
Capsicum  glandulosum  Dunal,  1.  c.  417. 
Capsicum  laurifolium  Dunal,  1.  c.  418. 
Capsicum  salicifolium  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  gracilipe*  Dunal,  1.  c. 
Capsicum  angustifolium  Dunal,  I.e.  420. 
Capsicum  microphyllum  Dunal,  1.  c.  421. 

Capsicum  annuum  baccatum  Kuntze,  Revis.  Gen.  Plant.  449.    1891. 
Capsicum  brevioribus  siliquis.    Lobel,  PL  Hist.  172.  f.    1576. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS    CAPSICUM.  101 

Siliquastrum  rotundum  angustifolium.  Bassaeus,  Eicones  859. /.  1690. — 

Tabern.  Kreuterbuch  i:  630.  /.     1691;  Volkom.  Kreuterbuch  2:  659. 

/.    1613. 
Capsicum,  Piper  Indicum  brevioribus  siliquis.    Lobel.  Icoues  Stirp.  817. 

1691. 
Capsicum  Brasilianum.  Garcias  ab  Horto,  Aromatum  888.     1693. —  Clus. 

Exot.  340. /.     1605.—  Pancovius.  Herb.  /.  297.     1673. 
Capsicum  minimis  eiliquis.     Gerarde,  Herball  292.  /.  2.    1697;  364.  /. 

3.     1636.— Dodon.  Hist.  Stirp.  Antv.  705.     1583;  717.     1616. 
Piper  Brasilianum.     Greg.  de.  Reg.  in  Clus.  Cur.  Post.  104.    1611. 
Capsicum  minus  Brasilianum.    Parkinson,  Theat.  Bot.  856-857. /.     1640. 
Quiya  apua.     Marcg.  in  Piso,  De  Med.  Bras.  39.     1648. 
Piper  siliquosum  magnitudinis  baccarum  Asparagi.  Bauhin,  Hist.  PL  2: 

944. /.     1651. 
Capsicum  Brasilianum  fructu  rotundo.     Munting,   Waare  Oeffen.    PI. 

841.     1682. 
Capsicum  minus  fructu  rotundo,  erecto,  parvo,  acerrimo.     Sloane,  Cat. 

PI.  Jam.  111.     1696. 
Capsicum  sive  Piper   Brasilianum    fructu  erecto  e  rotundo    oblongo 

minimo.    Morison,  Hist.  PL  Oxon.  3:  580.     1699. 

Capsicum  minus  rubrum.    Humph.  Herb.Amboin.  5 :  248.  t.  88.  f. 2.    1747. 
Capsicum;  fructu  parvo,  rotundo,  acerrimo.    Miller,  Gard.  Diet.  1731 

[no.  16]. 

Plants  1-3  ft.  high,  under  cultivation  often  6  ft. 
Branches  numerous,  slender,  fastigiate,  flexuose,  usually 
quite  densely  purple  striate,  scabrous,  pubescent.  Leaves 
ovate  acuminate,  rather  abruptly  narrowing  into  the 
petioles,  solitary  or  in  twos,  more  or  less  pubescent  along 
the  veins  and  sometimes  on  the  surface.  Petioles  short, 
usually  hairy,  broadened  at  base.  Peduncles  solitary  or  in 
twos,  extra  axillary,  vertical  (giving  a  peculiar  character 
to  the  plant),  slender,  1-1^  in.  long,  smooth  or  on  young 
specimens  subhairy.  Calyx  short,  cyathiform,  subhairy, 
subciliate.  Corolla  small,  spreading  about  -J-  in.,  greenish 
white.  Fruit  ovate  or  subround,  about  -J-  in.  diam.  Un- 
ripe fruit  sometimes  changing  from  green  to  blackish 
spotted,  finally  ripening  into  a  red  or  yellow. 


102  MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 


The  following  garden  varieties  have  not  been  sufficiently 
studied  by  me  for  satisfactory  arrangement  in  the  synop- 
sis:— Yellow  Gem,  Williams'  Cat.  1878.— Tom  Thumb, 
Batch elor,  1887. —  Boston  Squash ,  Cheese,  Golden  Dwarf, 
Red  Upright,  Yellow  Mango,  Bailey,  Annals  of  Horticul- 
ture 1889 :  125. —  Galveston  Red,  Weissfruchtiger  Pfe'ffer, 
Haage  &  Schmidt,  Cat.  1893.—  Black  Fruited  Chili, 
Scarlet  Maddaloni,  Benary,  Cat.  1893-4. —  Columbus 
goldgelber  Pfeffer,  Columbus  rother  Pfeffer,  8irius 
,  Violetter  Pfeffer,  Haage  &  Schmidt,  Cat.  1897. 


The  following  species,  apparently  not  in  cultivation  in 
Europe  or  the  United  States,  and  of  which  I  have  not 
seen  authentic  material,  cannot  be  placed  in  the  preceding 
synopsis  because  of  the  absence  of  certain  essentials  from 
such  descriptions  as  I  have  seen.  Those  in  italics  are  in- 
troduced into  the  synopsis  as  synonyms  on  the  authority 
of  the  Index  Kewensis. 

CAPSICUM  CONOIDEUM  Miller,  Gard,  Diet.     1768  [no.  Led.  8]. 

CAPSICUM  CHINENSE  Jacq.  Hort.  Vindob.  3:  38.  t.  67.     1776. 

Capsicum  pulchellum  Salisb.  Prodr.  134.     1796.=  C.  frutescensbaccatum. 

CAPSICUM  PUBESCENS  Ruiz  &  Pav.  ¥1.  Per.  2 :  30.     1797. 

CAPSICUM  CAERULESCENS  Bess.  Cat.  Hort.  Crem.  27.    1811. 

Capsicum  Tournefortii  Bess.  1.  c.=  C.  annuum  longum. 

Capsicum  torulosum    Hornera.    Hort.  Hafii.  Suppl.   27.     1819.=  C,  an- 
nuum acuminatum. 

CAPSICUM  AGGREGATUM  Willd.  Herb. —  Linn.   Syst.  4:  809.     1819  [ed. 
Rom.  et  Schult.]. 

Capsicum  Quitense  Willd.  Herb. —  Linn.  Syst.  1.  c.  =  C.  annuum  longum. 

CAPSICUM  DICHOTOMUM  Veil.  Fl.  Flum.  Repr.  in  Rio  de  Jan.  Arch.  Mus. 
Nac.  5:60.    1881. 

CAPSICUM  INAEQUALE  Veil.  1.  c.  59. 

Capsicum  odoriferum  Veil.  1.  c.  60.=  C.  frutescens. 

Capsicum  toxicarium  Poppig. —  Fingerh.  Monogr.  32.     1832.  =  C.  frutes- 
cens. 

CAPSICUM  USTULATUM  Paxton,  Mag.  Bot.  5:  197.     1838. 

Capsicum  cereolum  Bertol.  Hort.Bonon.  PL  Nov.  1:  6.  t.  2.     1838.  =  C- 

frutescens. 
Capsicum  odoratum  Steud.   Nom.  1:  279.     1840  [ed.  2].  =  C.  frutescens. 


A   REVISION  OF  THE   GENUS   CAPSICUM .  103 

CAPSICUM  BAUHINI  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr:  131 :  428.     1852. 

CAPSICUM  HORNEMANNI  Dunal,  I.e.  429. 

Capsicum  pubesccns  Dunal,  1.  c.  421.  =  C.  frutescens  baccatum. 

Capsicum  Narunca  Dunal,  1.  c.  414.  =  C.  annuum  longum. 

CAPSICUM  MAXIMO wiczn  Regel  &  Each,  Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  Petrop.  40. 

1858. 

CAPSICUM  NEPALENSIS  Drury,  Useful  PI.  Ind.  112.     1868. 
CAPSICUM  ANOMALUM  Franch.  &  Sav.  Enum.  PI.  Jap.  2:  452.     1879. 
CAPSICUM  KACEMIGERME  (?)  Veitch,  Traveler's  Notes  178.     1896. 

The   following    species   apparently  does  not  belong  to 
this  genus:  — 

CAPSICUM  TORULOSUM  Veil.  Fl.  Flum.    Repr.  in  Rio  de  Jan.  Arch.  Mus. 
Nac.  5:59.     1881. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  ILLUSTRATING  CAPSICUM. 

All  of  the  illustrations  were  drawn  from  nature  or  from 
original  photographs  by  Miss  Grace  E.  Johnson,  under 
supervision  of  the  author.  Except  where  otherwise  stated 
all  figures  are  of  natural  size. 

PlateS. —  Details  of  flower  and  fruit.  1,  flowers  in  different  stages 
of  expansion;  2,  open  flower  bud  X  8;  3,  flower  and  opened  corolla;  4,  a 
stamen  from  back,  front  and  side  X  6>  6»  one-celled  cherry  pepper,  in 
cross  section;  6,  two,  three,  and  four-celled  forms  of  the  larger  peppers, 
in  cross  section. 

Plate  9. —  1,  Capsicum  frutescens;  2,  Coral  Gem;  3,  Orange-red  Clus- 
ter; 4,  Red  Cluster. 

Plate  10. —  1,  Chilli;  2,  Yellow  Chilli;  8,  two  forms  of  Long  Cayenne. 

Plate  11.—  1,  two  forms  of  Nepal  Chilli;  2,  Ivory  Tusk. 

Plate  12.—  1,  Yellow  Cayenne;  2,  Long  Yellow. 

Plate  13.— 1,  Cardinal;  2,  Elephant's  Trunk. 

Plate  14. —  1,  County  Fair;  2,  Procopp's  Giant: — both  reduced. 

Plate  15. —  1,  Procopp's  Giant;  2,  A  slightly  tapering  form  of  Emperor. 

Plate  16.  —  Monstrous. 

Plate  17. —  Sweet  Spanish,  natural  size  and  reduced. 

Plate  18.—  Oblate  forms  of  Bell. 

Plate  19.—  1,  Bell;  2,  Sweet  Mountain :  —  both  reduced. 

Plate  20.—  Sweet  Mountain. 

Plate  21.— 1,  Ruby  King;  2,  Golden  Dawn. 

Plate  22.—  1,  Golden  King;  2,  Golden  Upright. 

Plate  23. —  Short  form  of  Brazilian  Upright  with  cross  and  longitudi- 
nal sections  showing  position  of  the  seeds. 


104 


MISSOURI   BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 


Plate  24.—  Squash,  usual  and  less  grooved  forms. 
Plate  25.— 1,  Squash;  2,  Celestial;  3,  Kaleidoscope:— all  reduced. 
Plate  26.— 1,  Celestial;  2,  Kaleidoscope. 

Plate  27.— 1,  Kaleidoscope;  2,  Etna;  3,  Red  Wrinkled;  4,  Little  Gem. 

Plate  28.— 1,  Occasional  form  of  Bed  Wrinkled;  2, Cherry;  3,  Yellow 

Cherry;  4,  Cranberry, —  usual,  conical,  and  elongated  forms ;  5,  Oxheart. 


i(nm[nni|ii 
i 


2 


[ii  ii  jni  iijii 


3 


4 


FOUR  INCHES,  DIVIDED  INTO  TWELFTHS. 


REFT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  8. 


FLOWER  AND  FRUIT  OF   CAPSICUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE 


C.  FRUTKSCENS  AND  0.  ANNUUM,  VABS. 


KEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  10. 


C.  ANNUUM  ACUMINATUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  11. 


C.  ANNUUM  ACUMINATUM   AND   LONGUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  12. 


C.  ANNUUM  ACUMINATUM  AND  LONGUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  CARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  13. 


C.  ANNUUM   LONGUM. 


REFT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  14. 


C.  ANNUUM  LONGUM. 


EEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GAUD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  15. 


C.   ANNUUM  LONGUM  AND  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  BOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  16. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  17. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  is. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  BOT.  GAKD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  19. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


REFT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  20. 


0.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  BOT.  GARD.,  VOL  9. 


PLATE  22. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  BOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  23. 


0.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


REPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  24. 


C.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  25. 


0.  ANNUUM  GROSSUM  AND  ABBREVIATUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  BOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  26. 


C.  ANNUUM   ABBREVIATUM. 


KEPT.  Mo.  Box.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  27. 


C.  ANNUUM  ABBREVIATUM  AND  CERASIFORME. 


EEPT.  Mo.  EOT.  GARD.,  VOL.  9. 


PLATE  28. 


C.  ANNUUM  ABBREVIATUM  AND  CERASIFORME. 


INDEXES   TO   NAMES    OF   CAPSICUMS. 


POPULAR    NAMES. 


(Synonyms  in  Parenthetic.) 


American  bonnet  pepper,  (87). 

Bell,  84. 

Bell,  Yellow,  (85). 

Bird  pepper,  59. 

Bird1  s  eye,  (93). 

Black  fruited  Chill,  102. 

Black  Nubian,  70. 

Black  podded,  (76). 

Blue  podded,  (76). 

Bonnet  pepper,  (87). 

Boston  squash.  102. 

Brazilian  sweet  upright,  New,  (86). 

Brazilian  upright,  86. 

Bull  nose,  (84). 

Capo-Malago,  (98). 
Cardinal,  78. 
Cayenne,  67,  (71). 
Cayenne  of  Commerce,  (67). 
Cayenne,  Long,  (70) ,  71 . 
Cayenne,  Long  yellow,  72. 
Celestial,  89. 
Cheese,  (102). 
Cherry,  93. 

Cherry  pepper,  Bound  or  large,  (93). 
Cherry  pepper,  Yellow  fruited,  (95). 
Cherry,  Yellow,  95. 
Childs'  Improved  Celestial,  (89). 
Chllenlscher  scharfer  Pfeffer,  (70). 
Chill,  (70). 
Chili  de  Arvol,  99. 
"Chili,  Black  fruited,  102. 
Chill  Mirasol,  99. 
Chill  plco  de  pijaro,  99. 
Chill  Plquin,  99. 
Chili  Unque,  99. 
Chilli,  70,  (72). 
Chilli,  Nepal,  73. 
Chilli,  Yellow,  71. 
Chilli,  Yellow  Nepal,  73. 
Cluster,  Japan,  (69). 
Cluster,  Red,  69. 
Cluster,  Yellow,  69. 
Columbus  goldgelber  Pfeffer,  102. 


Columbus  rother  Pfeffer,  102. 

Coral,  (77). 

Coral  gem,  66. 

County  Fair,  78. 

Cranberry,  (93). 

Creole,  (93). 

Crimson  queen,  (83). 

Dawn,  Golden,  85. 

Dwarf,  Golden,  102. 

Dwarf  early  red  squash,  New,  (87). 

Early  red  squash,  New  dwarf,  (87), 
Boklger  dicker  kurzer    rother     siisser 

Pfeffer,  (85). 
Elephanten-RUssel,  (80). 
Elephant's  trunk,  80. 
Emperor,  83. 
Etna,  89. 

Fancy  red  wrinkled,  Thorburn's,  (91). 
French,  Red,  (98). 

Galveston  red,  102. 

Gelber  Trauben-Pf offer  (69). 

Gem,  Little,  93. 

Gem,  Yellow,  102. 

Giant,  Procopp's,  80. 

Giant  emperor,  (83). 

Golden  dawn,  85. 

Golden  dwarf,  102. 

Golden  king,  85. 

Golden  mango,  (85). 

Golden  queen,  Mammoth,  (85). 

Golden  upright,  86. 

Golden  upright  sweet  mango,  (66). 

Grossum,  (83). 

Imported  celestial,  Chllds',  (89). 
Ivory  Tusk,  80. 

Japan  cluster,  (69). 


Kaleidoscope,  90. 
King,  Golden,  85. 


(105; 


10G 


MISSOURI   BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 


King,  Ruby,  85. 

Kirschformiger  gelber  Pfeffer,  (95). 

Kirschformlger  rother  Pfeffer,  (90- 

Langer  gelber  Pfeffer,  (79). 

Langer  rother,  Pfeffer,  (77). 

Large  cherry  pepper,  (93). 

Large  scarlet,  New,  (85). 

Large  sweet  Spanish,  (84) . 

Liebesapfelfrtichtiger     gelber    Pfeffer, 

(88). 
Llebesapfelfriichtlger    rother     Pfeffer, 

(87). 

Little  gem,  60,  93. 
Long  Cayenne,  (70),  71. 
Long  red,  77. 
Long  yellow,  79. 
Long  yellow  Cayenne,  72. 
Long  yellow  French,  (79). 

Maddahml,  Scarlet,  102. 
Mammoth,  Orange,  (85). 
Mammoth,  Spanish,  (84). 
Mammoth  golden  queen,  (85). 
Mango,  Golden,  (85). 
Mango,  Golden  dawn,  (85). 
Mango,  Golden  upright  sweet,  (86). 
Mango,  Yellow,  102. 
Miniature  Tom  Thumb,  (93).      » 
Monstrous,  83. 
Mountain,  Sweet,  85. 

Negro  pepper,  (66). 

Nepal  chilli,  73. 

Nepal  chilli,  Yellow,  73. 

New  Brazilian  sweet  upright,  (8(5). 

New  dwarf  early  red  squash,  (87). 

New  large  scarlet,  (85). 

New  sweet  Spanish,  (84). 

Nocre,  Yellow,  (85,  86). 

Nubian,  Black,  76. 

Orange  mammoth,  (85). 
Orange-red  cluster,  67. 
Orangerother  Trauben -Pfeffer,  (67). 
Oxheart,  96. 
Oxheart,  Yellow,  97. 

Pfeffer,  Chilenischer  scharfer,  (70). 

Columbus,  102. 

eckiger  dicker  ktirzer  rother   slls- 

ser, (85). 

Elephanten-Riissel,  (80). 

gelber  Trauben-,  (69). 

kirschformiger,  (94,95). 

langer  gelber,  (79) . 

langer  rother  (77). 

HebesapfelfrUchtiger,  (87, 88). 

orangerother  Trauben-,  (67). 

Procopp's rlesen,  (80). 


Pfeffer,  rother  milder  spanlscher,  (84). 

rother  Trauben-,  (69). 

runzllger,  (91). 

schwarzer  nublscher,  (76). 

sehr  grosser  milder  monstroser,(83). 

Sirlus,  102. 

Trauben-,  (67,  69). 

vloletter,  102. 

welssfrttchtiger,  102. 

Plment  airelle  rouge,  (93). 

a  bouquet  rouge,  (69). 

carr6  doux  d'Am£rique,  (85). 

carrd  Jaune  hatif ,  (85). 

de  Cayenne,  (71). 

cerise,  (94). 

cerise  Jaune,  (95). 

du  Chill,  (70). 

chlnols,  (89). 

cloche,  (84). 

doux  d'Espagne,  (84). 

gros  carr«  donx,  (84). 

Jaune,  long,  (79). 

mammoth  jaune  d'or,  (85). 

— —  monstrueux,  (83). 

noir,  (76). 

rouge,  long,  (77). 

tomato,  (87). 

tomate  jaune,  (88). 

tomate  naln  hatif,  (87). 

violet,  (76). 

Pimentas  cemerim  grande,  99. 

Chiltepin,  99. 

Cnmary,  99. 

dido  de  dama,  99. 

Malagueti,  99. 

Mariana,  99. 

pltanga,  99. 

Prince,  Red  (84) . 
Prince  of  Wales,  60,  93. 
Princess  of  Wales,  91. 
Procopp's  Giant,  80. 
Procopp's  rlesen  Pfeffer,  (80). 
Purple,  (76). 

Queen,  Crimson,  (83). 
Queen,  Mammoth  golden,  (85). 
Quince  pepper,  (84). 
QuiyaApua,  (101). 

Red,  Galreston,  102. 

Red,  Long,  77. 

Red  cardinal,  (78). 

Red  chilli,  (70). 

Red  cluster,  69. 

Red  Etna,  (89). 

Red  French,  (93). 

Red  prince,  (84). 

Red  squash,  New  dwarf  early,  (87). 

Red  tomato,  (87). 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS    CAPSICUM. 


107 


Red  upright,  102. 

Red  wrinkled,  91. 

Round  cherry- pepper,  (93). 

Rother  milder  apanlscher  Pf offer,  (84). 

Rother  Trauben-Pf offer,  (69). 

Ruby  king,  85. 

Runzliger  gelber  Pfeffer,  (91). 

Runzllger  rother  Pfeffer,  (91) . 

Scarlet,  New  large,  (85) 
Scarlet  Maddalonl,  102. 
Schwarzer  nubischer  Pfeffer,  (76). 
Sehr  grosser  milder  monstrftser  Pfeffer, 

(83). 

Sirius  Pfeffer,  102. 
Sore  throat,  (76). 
Spanish,  Sweet,  84. 
Spanish,  Yellow,  84. 
Spanish  mammoth,  (84). 
Spanish  monstrous,  (83). 
Spur-pepper,  (98). 
Squash,  87. 
Squash,  Boston,  102. 
Squash,  New  dwarf  early  red,  (87). 
Squash,  Yellow,  88. 
Sweet  golden  dawn,  (85) 
Sweet  mango,  Golden  upright,  (86). 
Sweet  mountain,  85. 
Sweet  Spanish,  84. 
Sweet  upright,  New  Brazilian,  (86). 

Tabasco,  69,  67. 
Tenjikumamori,  (69). 
Thorburn's  fancy  red  wrinkled,  (91). 
Tom  Thumb,  102. 


Tom  Thumb,  Miniature,  (93). 
Tomato-shaped,  (87). 
Tomato,  Red,  (87). 
Trauben- Pfeffer,  (67,69). 
Trompe  d'  elephant,  (80). 
Turbilo  pepper,  (82). 
Tusk,  Ivory,  80. 

Upright,  Brazilian,  86. 

Upright,  Golden,  86. 

Upright,  New  Brazilian  sweet,  (86). 

Upright,  Red,  102. 

Upright  sweet  mango,  Golden,  (86) . 

Vtoletter  Pfeffer,  102. 

Welssfrttchtiger  Pfeffer,  102. 
Williams'  little  gem,  (93). 
Wrinkled,  Red,  91. 
Wrinkled,  Yellow,  91. 

Yellow,  Long,  79. 

Yellow  bell,  (85). 

Yellow  cherry,  95. 

Yellow  chilli,  71. 

Yellow  cluster,  69. 

Yellow  fruited  cherry  pepper,  (95). 

Yellow  gem,  102. 

Yellow  mango,  102. 

Yellow  Nepal  chilli,  73. 

Yellow  nocre,  (85,86). 

Yellow  oxheart,  97. 

Yellow  Spanish,  84. 

Yellow  squash,  88. 

Yellow  wrinkled,  91. 


SPECIES    AND    BOTANICAL   VARIETIES. 


(Synonym*  in  Parcnthetia.) 


Abysslnicum,  (98). 
aggregatum,  102. 
angnlosum,  (81). 

conlcum,  (81). 

macrocarpum,  (81). 

ovale,  (81). 

angustlfolium,  (100). 
annuum,65,  (73,94). 

abbreviatum,  88. 

acumlnatum,  69,  (70). 

angulosum,  (81). 

cerasiforme,  92. 

conoides,  65. 

cordiforme,  (96). 

erectnm,  (74). 

f aiclculatum,  68. 

frutescens,(98). 

grossum,  80,  (81). 


annnum,  longicarpum,  (74). 

longum,  73,  (74). 

ovoideum,  (74). 

proboscideum,  (80). 

rugosum,  (81). 

rugulosum,  (81). 

subangulosum,  (74). 

tetragonnm,  (87). 

anomalura,  103. 
Axi,  (81). 

baccatum,  (99). 
Bauhini,  103. 
blcolor, (76). 
purpureum,  (77). 

oaerulescens,  102. 
oampylopodlum,  (100). 


108 


MISSOURI  BOTANICAL   GARDEN. 


cerasiflorum,  (94). 

ceraslforme,  (94). 

cerasiflorum,  (94). 

luteum,  (95). 

maurocarpum,  (94). 

minus,  (94). 

ceratocarpum,  (80). 

cereolum,  (98,  102). 

Chamaecerasus,  (81). 

Chllense,  (70). 

Chinense,  102. 

chlorocladum,  (98). 

clllare,  (100). 

Comarim,  (9S). 

conicum,  (70,  98). 

orientale,  (70). 

oonoides,  (65). 

chordale,  (65). 

oblongo-conicum,  (65). 

sulcatum,  (65) . 

conoideum,  102. 
cordlforme,  (96). 

ceraslcarpum,  (98). 

globosum,  (97). 

majus,  (96). 

minus,  (98). 

• ollvaeforme,  (96). 

subangulosum,  (96). 

criepum,  (98). 

Piper  rabiosum,  (98). 

Oumanense,  (100). 
curvlpes,  (73). 
cydonlaeforme,  (87). 

dlchotomum,  102. 
dulce.  (87). 

fasclculatum,  (68). 
fastlglatum,  (98). 
flexuosum,  (98). 

Perrottetil,  (98). 

frutescens,  61,  97. 

baccatum,  (99). 

minus,  (98). 

multllobatum,  (98). 

glandnlosum,  (100). 
globiferum,  (100). 
graclllpes,  (loo), 
grossum,  (80). 

angulosum,  (81). 

blfldum,  (81). 

— •  cerasiformls,  (94) 

cordatum,  (81). 

globosum,  (81). 

lycopersicoldea,  (87,  88). 

monstrosum,  (83). 

ovatum,  (81). 

— -  pomiferum,  (81). 


Hamlltonll,  (77). 
Havanense,  (98). 
hispidum,  (100). 

glabrlusculum,  (100). 

Hornemannl,  103. 

inaequale,  102. 

laurifolium,  (100). 
leucocarpum,  (89). 
longnm,  (71,  77). 

Cayennense,  (71). 

ceratoides  recurvum,  (71). 

incrasatnm,  (78). 

— •  luteum,  (72,79). 

rectum,  (79). 

— -vlolaceum,  (77). 
luteum,  (91). 

Maxlmowlczll,  103. 
micranthum,  (100). 
microcarpum,  (100) 
Mllleri,  (94). 
minimum,  (98). 

Narunca,  (77,  103). 
Nepalensls,  103. 
nigrum,  (76). 

odoratum,  (98, 102). 
odorlferum,  (98, 102). 
ollvaeforme,  (92). 
ovatum,  (92). 
oxycarpum,  (92). 

parvlfollum,  (100). 
pendulum,  (73). 

majus,  (73). 

minus,  (73). 

tomentosum,  (78). 

pomiferum,  (81). 
pubegcens,  102,  (103). 
pulchellum,  (100, 102). 
purpureum,  (76). 
pyramldale,  (71). 

longicorne,  (71). 

torulosum,  (71). 

Qultense,  (76, 102). 

Rabenli,  (100). 
racemigerme,  103. 

sallcifollnm,  (100). 
Sohottlanum  leptophyllum 
sllvestre,  (81). 
Slnense,  (73). 
sphaericum,  (94). 
strictum,  (97). 

tetragonum,  (87). 
tomatlforme,  (87). 


A  REVISION   OF  THE   GENUS   CAPSICUM. 


109 


torulosum,  (71,102,103). 
Tournefortii,  (74, 102). 
toxlcarlum,  (98, 102). 

omblllcatum,  (91). 

ustulatum,  102. 


villosum,  (100). 

latifolium,  (100). 

muticum,  (100). 

violaceum,  (76). 

Wllldenowii,  (100). 


PRELINNEAN    LATIN    NAMES. 


Capsicon  latum,  81. 

-  nigrum,  74. 

-  rubeum,74. 
Capsicum  Actnari],  74. 

-  Africanum,  82,  86. 

-  Americanum,  78,  95. 
--  latifolium,  89. 
—  arbor  escens,  95. 

-  Barbadlense,  98. 

-  bifurcata  siliqua,  82. 

-  Brasillanum,  75,  101. 

-  brevioribus  sillqmis,  100. 

-  cor  datum,  96. 

-  erectum,  75. 
--  pyramldale,  90. 

-  exlguum,  65. 

-  fructu  aouleato,  90. 
---  blfldo,  82. 
--  cordlformi,  97. 
--  flavescente,  79,  91. 


--  longo,  82. 
--  maxlmo,  82. 
--  minlmo,  66. 
--  oblongo,  75. 
--  ollvarlo,  92. 

—  —  -  parvo,  101. 
--  rotundo,  88,  95. 
--  teretl,  82. 

-  frutescens,  95. 

-  Indicum  fructu  aouleato,  90. 

—  —  -  longum,  82. 
--  maximum,  82. 

-  >  -  minimum,  66. 

—  -•  -  minus,  72. 

—  •*  -  oblongum  minus,  66. 
--  perenne,  92. 
--  Poml  amor  is  forma,  88. 
--  propendentlbus  slllquis,  95. 
--  slllqua  bifurcata,  86. 
--  siliqua  flava,  79,  93. 
--  slllqua  longa,  82,  98. 
--  slliquls  oblongls,  75. 

—  -  —  —  elllqua  rotunda,  95. 
--  sillquia  surrectis,  75. 

-  latifolium,  87,  88. 

-  latls  siliquis,  81. 

-  latum,  81. 

-  longloribus  siliquia,  74. 


Capsicum  majus,  75. 

mlnlmls  sillquis,  101. 

minus  Brasilianum,  101. 

flavum,  71. 

fructu  parvo,  66. 

fructu  rotundo,  101. 

rubrum,  101. 

oblongloribns  slllquls,  74. 

oblonglus,  71. 

oblongnm,  75. 

Piper  Indicum,  74, 101. 

See  Piper. 

recurvls  slllquls,  71. 

rotundlorlbus  siliquls,  94. 

rotundum  majus,  86. 

slllqua  flava,  79. 

slllqnls  flavis,  79. 

slllqua  lata,  79,  82. 

sillquls  latls,  96. 

siliqua  latiore,  82. 

sillquis  longls,  72,75,  77. 

sillquis  oblongis,  74. 

siliqua  Olivarla,  92. 

siliqua  Olivae  forma,  92. 

siliqua  Propendente  aurea,  79. 

siliqua  propendente  Ceraslforma,  95. 

sillqua  propendente  oblonga  &  cor- 
dlformi, 97. 

siliqua  propendente  rotunda  &  cor- 
dlformi, 96, 97. 

siliqnls  recurvls,  72,  79. 

siliqua  rotunda,  94. 

sillquis  rotundls,  94. 

siliquis  surrectis  &  oblongis,  66,  70, 

71,  T5. 

siliquis  surreotls  Cerael  forma,  95. 

siliquis  surreotls  rotundls,  95. 

surrectnm,  70. 

Piper  Americanum  vulgatlor,  74. 

Barbadiense,  98. 

Brasilianum,  101. 

Calecutlcum,  71. 

Capsicum,  82. 

cordatum,  96. 

erectum  minus,  89. 

Indicum,  71, 74,  82, 96. 

aureum  latum,  79. 

bifurcata  eiliqua,  86. 


110 


MISSOURI    BOTANICAL    GARDEN. 


Piper  Indlcum  cordatum,  96, 97. 

frnctu  aouleato,  90. 

fructu  dependence,  87. 

latifolium,  88. 

longiorlbus  slllquls,  75. 

longnm  maximum,  74. 

longum  maximum    ventre  tu- 

mldo,  80. 

maximum,  88. 

maximum  obtusum,  82. 

maximum  rotundum,  86 

medium,  75. 

medium  erectum,  70. 

minimum  ereotum,  66. 

minus,  72. 

obi  on  gum,  66. 

orblculatum,  90. 

perenne  aillqua  Ollvae  magni- 

tudlne,  92. 

Poml  amoris  forma,  88. 

propendentlbus  sillquls,  75,  79, 

92, 94,  95,  96. 

rotundum  aculeatum,  90. 

rotundum  maximum,  88. 

sillqua  blfurcata,  86. 

slllquls  Oerasl  forma,  95. 

eiliqua  cordata,  96. 

sillqua  flava,  79. 

slllqulB  flavls,  79. 

slliqua  flava  ovall,  93. 

slliqua  longa,  82,  98. 

slliquls  oblongis,  75. 

slliqua  rotunda,  95. 

slllqnis  surrectis  &  oblongis,  65, 

70,  75,  86. 
slllquis  surrectis  Cerasl  forma, 

94. 
siliquls  surrectis   rotundla,   86, 

94,  96. 
surrectis  cornlculle,  70. 


Piper  Indicum  Tulgatlssimum,  75. 

longum, 72, 75,  79. 

oblongum  crcctum,  89. 

exlguum  erectum,  65. 

recurvls  siliquls,  74. 

rotundum  majus,  86,  95, 66. 

slllqua  flava,  79,  91. 

cum  sillqua  lata,  82. 

cum  slllqua  ollvarla,  92. 

cum  siliqua  rotunda,  94. 

slllquosum,  72, 101. 

vnlgatlsslma,  75. 

Siliquaetrum  cordatum,  96. 

latum,  81. 

varietas  longnm,  71. 

majus,  74. 

minus,  74. 

oblonglus,  71. 

quartnm,  81. 

rotundum,  101. 

varletas  rotundum,  94. 

tertium,  71. 

Solanum  Capsicum,  72,  75, 95. 

medium,  75. 

mordens  bifurcata  sillqua,  82. 

fructu  aureo  lato,79. 

fructu  erecto,  97. 

fructu  flavescente,  91. 

fructu  longo  erecto,  70. 

fructu  propendente,  78. 

fructu  rotundo,  95. 

mall  Aethloplcl,  87. 

minus  erectum,  66. 

slliquis  flavis,  79. 

siliquls  oblongis,  72. 

urens  fructu  aculeato,  90. 

fructu  cordato,  96. 

slliqua  propendente,  72,  75,  92, 

95. 


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